Non-Brazilian environmental perception on the Amazon rainforest: an approach using text mining from social media
Cléber Rodrigo de Souza,
Wanderley Jorge da Silveira Junior,
Ravi Fernandes Mariano
et al.
Abstract:Background:The Amazon rainforest plays an essential role in sheltering global biodiversity and providing essential ecosystem services. However, the region has been threatened by increased rates of deforestation and degradation, which is often reported as the failure of the Brazilian conservation policy that could affect the image of agriculture Brazilian products abroad. In this sense, here we aimed to evaluate the foreign environmental perception of the region using data from social medias, to assess which ar… Show more
“…In tropical floodplains, the inundation occurs when trees are active, and need to adapt to waterlogging conditions (Parolin & Wittmann, 2010). The relation between the flood regime and vegetation composition has been extensively investigated for the Amazon (e.g., Mertes et al, 1995; Souza et al, 2023; Wittmann et al, 2013), but not for many other tropical rivers. Tropical dry floodplain forests are unique ecosystems, whose hydrology have not been studied yet.…”
Floodplains are one of the most threatened ecosystems. Even though the vegetation composition in floodplain forests is expected to reflect the variation in groundwater levels and flood duration and frequency, there is little field data on the inundation dynamics (e.g., the variability in flood duration and flood frequency), especially for the understudied seasonally dry tropics. This limits our understanding of these ecosystems and the mechanisms that cause the flooding. We, therefore, investigated six floodplain forests in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil for 1.5 years (two wet seasons): Capivari, Jacaré, and Aiuruoca in the Rio Grande basin, and Jequitaí, Verde Grande, and Carinhanha in the São Francisco basin. These locations span a range of climates (humid subtropical to seasonal tropical) and biomes (Atlantic forest to Caatinga). At each location, we continuously measured water levels in five geomorphologically distinct eco‐units: marginal levee, lower terrace, higher terrace, lower plain, and higher plain, providing a unique hydrological dataset for these understudied regions. The levees and terraces were flooded for longer periods than the plains. Inundation of the terraces lasted around 40 days per year. The levees in the Rio Grande basin were flooded for shorter durations. In the São Francisco basin, the flooding of the levees lasted longer and the water level regime of the levees was more similar to that of the terraces. In the Rio Grande basin, flooding was most likely caused by rising groundwater levels (i.e., “flow pulse”) and flood pulses that caused overbank flooding. In the São Francisco basin, inundation was most likely caused by overbank flooding (i.e., “flood pulse”). These findings highlight the large variation in inundation dynamics across floodplain forests and are relevant to predict the impacts of changes in the flood regime due to climate change and other anthropogenic changes on floodplain forest functioning.
“…In tropical floodplains, the inundation occurs when trees are active, and need to adapt to waterlogging conditions (Parolin & Wittmann, 2010). The relation between the flood regime and vegetation composition has been extensively investigated for the Amazon (e.g., Mertes et al, 1995; Souza et al, 2023; Wittmann et al, 2013), but not for many other tropical rivers. Tropical dry floodplain forests are unique ecosystems, whose hydrology have not been studied yet.…”
Floodplains are one of the most threatened ecosystems. Even though the vegetation composition in floodplain forests is expected to reflect the variation in groundwater levels and flood duration and frequency, there is little field data on the inundation dynamics (e.g., the variability in flood duration and flood frequency), especially for the understudied seasonally dry tropics. This limits our understanding of these ecosystems and the mechanisms that cause the flooding. We, therefore, investigated six floodplain forests in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil for 1.5 years (two wet seasons): Capivari, Jacaré, and Aiuruoca in the Rio Grande basin, and Jequitaí, Verde Grande, and Carinhanha in the São Francisco basin. These locations span a range of climates (humid subtropical to seasonal tropical) and biomes (Atlantic forest to Caatinga). At each location, we continuously measured water levels in five geomorphologically distinct eco‐units: marginal levee, lower terrace, higher terrace, lower plain, and higher plain, providing a unique hydrological dataset for these understudied regions. The levees and terraces were flooded for longer periods than the plains. Inundation of the terraces lasted around 40 days per year. The levees in the Rio Grande basin were flooded for shorter durations. In the São Francisco basin, the flooding of the levees lasted longer and the water level regime of the levees was more similar to that of the terraces. In the Rio Grande basin, flooding was most likely caused by rising groundwater levels (i.e., “flow pulse”) and flood pulses that caused overbank flooding. In the São Francisco basin, inundation was most likely caused by overbank flooding (i.e., “flood pulse”). These findings highlight the large variation in inundation dynamics across floodplain forests and are relevant to predict the impacts of changes in the flood regime due to climate change and other anthropogenic changes on floodplain forest functioning.
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