Non-B Hepatitis in Japanese Recipients of Blood Transfusions: Clinical and Serologic Studies after the Introduction of Laboratory Screening of Donor Blood for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen

In spite of routine screening for HBsAg by a sensitive radioimmunoassay, some cases of posttransfusion hepatitis B still occur. The frequency in the Gothenburg Blood Center is 1 clinical case per 10,000 bloods units transfused. About the same incidence has been noted for clinically overt cases of hepatitis non-A, non-B. In contrast to findings reported by others, the latter incidence has been rather stable over the last 5 years.

contrasting

confidence: 80%

Hepatitis B and Non-A, Non-B in a Swedish Blood Center during 10 Years of HBsAg Screening

Iwarson¹,

Lindholm²,

Norkrans³

1980

“…Definite hepatitis was noted in 205 cases (10.3%) and probable hepatitis in 246 cases (12.4%). The incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis in the present study exceeded that reported in several previous studies [3,[12][13][14][20][21][22], as summarized in table 10. Abnormal ALT in 2 consecutive blood specimens was needed for the diagnosis of posttransfusion hepatitis in the studies of Al ter et al…”

Section: Risk Factors Of Donated Bloodcontrasting

confidence: 48%

Posttransfusion Hepatitis in Japan

Takano¹,

Omata²,

Ohto³

et al. 1992

The incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis and the rate of chronicity were investigated in a program devised at our hospital in December, 1982. Out of 2,596 blood recipients between January, 1982, and December, 1987, 451 (22.7%) developed posttransfusion hepatitis. Seventy-seven patients out of 217 (35.3%) whose course was closely followed progressed to chronicity. The incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis increased with the volume of transfused blood without any evident limitation. Recipients of elevated-ALT donor blood (>26 Karmen units) were found to be more susceptible to posttransfusion hepatitis than those who had received only normal-ALT donor blood. Packed red blood cells, whole blood and fresh whole blood were high-risk components, and fresh frozen plasma a low-risk component of blood. The carrier rate of non-A, non-B hepatitis agents in Japanese healthy blood donors was determined to be 1.2% using the Frost-Reed model of infectious diseases. Anti-hepatitis C virus was detected in 62% of the cases of posttransfusion hepatitis 1 year after transfusion.

“…Viral hepatitis commonly occurs in the absence of ser ologic markers for such known hepatotropic agents as hep atitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), cytomegalo virus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) [1][2][3][4]. This entity termed non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) accounts for more than 90% of transfusion-associated hepatitis cases worldwide [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C Virus Antibodies in High-Risk Saudi Groups

Bahakim¹,

Bakir²,

Arif³

et al. 1991

The recombinant-based enzyme immunoassay developed by Ortho Diagnostic System for the detection of antibodies of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was used to determine the extent of exposure to HCV in healthy Saudi subjects (500 males; 260 females) without liver disease and with no history of percutaneous exposure to blood and in Saudis who are considered at high risk for contracting the disease: hemophiliacs (28), thalassémies (78), hemodialysis patients with renal failure (65) and patients with sexually transmitted diseases (STD) (220). The results show that HCV is endemic in the Saudi population with an overall frequency of 5.3% in healthy Saudi adults which is at least 5 times higher than what has been reported from Western Europe and the United States. Seropositivity rate in the high-risk groups ranges from 15.9% in patients with STD to 78.6% in hemophiliacs. These data underscore the urgent need for routine anti-HCV screening of blood donations in order to reduce the frequency of postransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis and its sequelae in the Saudi population.