Non-Associative Learning in Larval Zebrafish

Best, Jonathan D.; Berghmans, Stéphane; Hunt, Julia; Clarke, Samantha C; Fleming, Angeleen; Goldsmith, Paul C.; Roach, A. G.

doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301489

Cited by 212 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…These results are consistent with the rodent literature, in which caffeine doses between 25 and 50 mg ⁄ kg increase locomotor activity in the open field, while 100 mg ⁄ kg will decrease it [56]. In rodents, a locomotor depressive effect of high caffeine doses is thought to involve phosphodiesterase inhibition [57]; nonetheless, a role for phosphodiesterases in zebrafish behavioural arousal is not excluded, as rolipram, a PDE4 inhibitor, increases auditory startle responses and decreases their habituation in larval D. rerio [58]. The hyperlocomotor effect observed in the present experiments is probably mediated by A 2 -Rs, because the highest dose of DMPX mimicked this result while PACPX did not.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Adenosine A₁, but not A₂, Receptor Blockade Increases Anxiety and Arousal in Zebrafish

Maximino

Lima

Olivera

et al. 2011

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Adenosinergic systems have been implicated in anxiety-like states, as caffeine can induce a state of anxiety in human beings. Caffeine is an antagonist at A 1 and A 2 adenosine receptors but it remains unclear whether anxiety is mediated by one or both of these. As the adenosinergic system is rather conserved, we opted to pursue these questions using zebrafish, a widely used model organism in genetics and developmental biology. Zebrafish adenosine 1. 2A.1 and 2A.2 receptors conserve histidine residues in TM6 and TM7 that are responsible for affinity in bovine A1 receptor. We investigated the effects of caffeine, PACPX (an A 1 receptor antagonist) and 1,3-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX) (an A 2 receptor antagonist) on anxiety-like behaviour and locomotor activity of zebrafish in the scototaxis test as well as evaluated the effects of these drugs on pigment aggregation. Caffeine increased anxiety at the dose of 100 mg ⁄ kg, while locomotion at the dose of 10 mg ⁄ kg was increased. Both doses of 10 and 100 mg ⁄ kg induced pigment aggregation. PACPX, on the other hand, increased anxiety at a dose of 6 mg ⁄ kg and induced pigment aggregation at the doses of 0.6 and 6 mg ⁄ kg, but did not produce a locomotor effect. DMPX, in turn, increased locomotion at the dose of 6 mg ⁄ kg but did not produce any effect on pigment aggregation or anxiety-like behaviour. These results indicate that blockade of A 1 -R, but not A 2 -R, induces anxiety and autonomic arousal, while the blockade of A 2 -R induces hyperlocomotion. Thus, as in rodents, caffeine's anxiogenic and arousing effects are probably mediated by A 1 receptors in zebrafish and its locomotor activating effect is probably mediated by A 2 receptors.Several lines of evidence implicate adenosine receptors in the modulation of anxiety-like states and autonomic arousal. Caffeine, a non-selective adenosine A 1 and A 2A and A 2B receptor antagonist [1,2], increases anxiety in rodents [3][4][5][6][7][8] and humans beings [9]; it is uncertain whether these effects can been ascribed to the disinhibition of adenosinergic tonus at A 1 or A 2A receptors [9]. Administration of adenosine A 1 receptor agonists produces anxiolytic-like effects in rodents, while the adenosine A 1 -R antagonists produce anxiogeniclike effects [10][11][12]. The association between A 1 -Rs and anxiety is also seen regarding the anxiolytic effect of ethanol in the elevated plus-maze, because administration of 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX), a A 1 -R antagonist (but not ZM241,385, a A 2A -R antagonist) attenuates the anxiolytic-like response to ethanol [12]. Moreover, the administration of 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA), an A 1 -R agonist, during ethanol withdrawal produces an anxiolyticlike effect that is reversed by DPCPX [13]. In CD1 mice, administration of the A 1 -R agonist CCPA is anxiolytic in the light ⁄ dark box test and in the elevated plus-maze, while the A 1 -R antagonist cyclopentyltheopylline (CPT) had an anxiogenic effect [11]. Mice knocked out for the A 1 rec...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Adenosine A₁, but not A₂, Receptor Blockade Increases Anxiety and Arousal in Zebrafish

Maximino

Lima

Olivera

et al. 2011

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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“…In line with this, ibogaine reversed normal habituation responses in zebrafish. 70 The anticholinergic agent atropine had no effects on habituation in larval zebrafish, 153 scopolamine impaired startle habituation, 154 and the effects of several glutamatergic agents and salvinorin A have not yet been tested. The latter aspect may be particularly interesting to assess in future studies, given rodent evidence that some agents, such as glutamatergic antagonists, can impair reference and working memory in rats.…”

Section: ■ Modeling Hallucinogenic Drug Action In Zebrafishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on Zebrafish Models of Hallucinogenic Drugs and Related Psychotropic Compounds

Neelkantan

Mikhaylova

Stewart

et al. 2013

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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Among different classes of psychotropic drugs, hallucinogenic agents exert one of the most prominent effects on human and animal behaviors, markedly altering sensory, motor, affective, and cognitive responses. The growing clinical and preclinical interest in psychedelic, dissociative, and deliriant hallucinogens necessitates novel translational, sensitive, and high-throughput in vivo models and screens. Primate and rodent models have been traditionally used to study cellular mechanisms and neural circuits of hallucinogenic drugs' action. The utility of zebrafish (Danio rerio) in neuroscience research is rapidly growing due to their high physiological and genetic homology to humans, ease of genetic manipulation, robust behaviors, and cost effectiveness. Possessing a fully characterized genome, both adult and larval zebrafish are currently widely used for in vivo screening of various psychotropic compounds, including hallucinogens and related drugs. Recognizing the growing importance of hallucinogens in biological psychiatry, here we discuss hallucinogenic-induced phenotypes in zebrafish and evaluate their potential as efficient preclinical models of drug-induced states in humans.

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“…When necessary, sodium bicarbonate should be used to increase the pH. 4. Fish tanks should be cleaned regularly.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regular Care and Maintenance of a Zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) Laboratory: An Introduction

Avdesh

Chen

Martin‐Iverson

et al. 2012

JoVE

236

160

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This protocol describes regular care and maintenance of a zebrafish laboratory. Zebrafish are now gaining popularity in genetics, pharmacological and behavioural research. As a vertebrate, zebrafish share considerable genetic sequence similarity with humans and are being used as an animal model for various human disease conditions. The advantages of zebrafish in comparison to other common vertebrate models include high fecundity, low maintenance cost, transparent embryos, and rapid development. Due to the spur of interest in zebrafish research, the need to establish and maintain a productive zebrafish housing facility is also increasing. Although literature is available for the maintenance of a zebrafish laboratory, a concise video protocol is lacking. This video illustrates the protocol for regular housing, feeding, breeding and raising of zebrafish larvae. This process will help researchers to understand the natural behaviour and optimal conditions of zebrafish husbandry and hence troubleshoot experimental issues that originate from the fish husbandry conditions. This protocol will be of immense help to researchers planning to establish a zebrafish laboratory, and also to graduate students who are intending to use zebrafish as an animal model. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at https://www.jove.com/video/4196/ Protocol 1. System Maintenance 1. Zebrafish are kept in a circulating system that continuously filters and aerates the system water to maintain the water quality required for a healthy aquatic environment. The circulating system also helps to filter excess food and fish excreta. Different companies provide zebrafish systems but we use systems from Aquatic Habitats, USA in our laboratory. The room temperature or the tank temperature is generally maintained between 26-28.5 °C and the lighting conditions are 14:10 hr (light: dark). A zebrafish system from Aquatic Habitats (e.g., Benchtop system) costs ~9,000 USD. This benchtop system with two shelves can hold six 10-liter, twelve 3-liter, or twenty 1.5-liter tanks on each shelf. Multiple lines of fish (e.g., transgenic, mutant, wild type) can also be housed on the same system. 2. A set of different kinds of filters are used in the system. In our system, water from all the tanks passes through a 120-micron filter pad, 50-micron canister filter, biological filter , active carbon absorption filter and UV disinfection filter before being circulated back into the tank. Dechlorinated/aged water is used in the zebrafish system. Water can be de-chlorinated by ageing for at least 48 hr. Under ideal conditions, water should be kept in a reservoir with a pump circulating the water to keep it warm, and expedite the de-chlorination. 3. The pH of the system water should be checked daily and maintained between 6.8 and 7.5. When necessary, sodium bicarbonate should be used to increase the pH. 4. Fish tanks should be cleaned regularly. To clean a fish tank, close the water flow to this tank, drain excess water by tilting the tank backwards...

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Non-Associative Learning in Larval Zebrafish

Cited by 212 publications

References 55 publications

Adenosine A₁, but not A₂, Receptor Blockade Increases Anxiety and Arousal in Zebrafish

Adenosine A₁, but not A₂, Receptor Blockade Increases Anxiety and Arousal in Zebrafish

Perspectives on Zebrafish Models of Hallucinogenic Drugs and Related Psychotropic Compounds

Regular Care and Maintenance of a Zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) Laboratory: An Introduction

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Non-Associative Learning in Larval Zebrafish

Cited by 212 publications

References 55 publications

Adenosine A1, but not A2, Receptor Blockade Increases Anxiety and Arousal in Zebrafish

Adenosine A1, but not A2, Receptor Blockade Increases Anxiety and Arousal in Zebrafish

Perspectives on Zebrafish Models of Hallucinogenic Drugs and Related Psychotropic Compounds

Regular Care and Maintenance of a Zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) Laboratory: An Introduction

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Adenosine A₁, but not A₂, Receptor Blockade Increases Anxiety and Arousal in Zebrafish

Adenosine A₁, but not A₂, Receptor Blockade Increases Anxiety and Arousal in Zebrafish