Non-aqueous electrolyte solutions in chemistry and modern technology

Association of ionic liquids in solution: a combined dielectric and conductivity study of [bmim][Cl] in water and in acetonitrile

“…Additionally, the magnitude and shape of L(c) is influenced by ion association. 17,49 As would be expected from the viscosities of the pure solvents (Table S1 Fig. 2).…”

“…1 and 2 and Fig. S1 and Table S2, ESIw), were analyzed in the framework of Barthel's low-concentration chemical model, 17,49 (lcCM) which very successfully describes thermodynamic and transport properties of solutions of 1 : 1 electrolytes up to B0.15 M. For the evaluation of molar conductivities of dilute (t0.01 M) solutions this approach uses the equations…”

A potentiometric study of cationic heteroconjugation equilibria in nitromethane andN,N- dimethylformamide

“…Nitromethane, being protophobic, is characterized by very low basicity (donicity number DN (11) = 2.7), thus high cationic heteroconjugation constants may be expected in this solvent. In contrast, DMF is a protophilic aprotic solvent of very weak acidity and relatively strong basicity (11) (DN = 26.6), and therefore only a very small extent of cationic heteroconjugation in this solvent can be expected.…”

“…These studies have shown that the tendency towards heteroconjugation of substituted pyridine N -oxides depends on solvent basicity and decreases with increasing basicity of solvents in the following order: nitrobenzene > propylene carbonate > acetonitrile > acetone > methanol. In this series, donicity numbers of the solvents are: (11) 4.4, 15.1, 14.1, 17.0, and 19.1, respectively; the exception observed in the case of propylene carbonate may be explained in terms of the much stronger polarity of propylene carbonate compared with that of acetonitrile (the dielectric constants (11) are 64.4 and 35.95 for propylene carbonate and acetonitrile, respectively), whereas the proton-donating and proton-accepting properties of propylene carbonate closely resemble those of acetonitrile (donicity numbers (11) of these solvents are 15.1 and 14.1, and the acceptor numbers (11) 18.3 and 18.1, respectively). It has been found (9) that, in the case of comparable basicities of the two solvents, the increase in solvent polarity results in enhancement of the tendency towards cationic heteroconjugation in the N -oxide systems studied.…”

Thermodynamics and Viscometric Studies of Monochloroacetic Acid in Water-Isopropanol Solvent Mixtures at 298, 303 and 308 K

“…The density and ultrasonic velocity data are significant basic properties to investigation mass transfers and compressibility of scientifically prospective fluids. Transport properties of electrolytes in aqueous, non-aqueous and mixed solvents are of concern in assorted technologies like high energy density batteries, electro deposition and in electr-oganic synthesis 1 . Viscosity, density and ultrasonic velocity measurements of electrolyte solutions are admirable apparatus to perceive solute-solvent and solute-solute interaction.…”