Non-Apoptotic Programmed Cell Death in Thyroid Diseases

Abstract

Thyroid disorders are among the most common endocrinological conditions. As the prevalence of thyroid diseases increases annually, the exploration of thyroid disease mechanisms and the development of treatments are also gradually improving. With the gradual advancement of therapies, non-apoptotic programmed cell death (NAPCD) has immense potential in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and immunogenic cell death are all classical NAPCD. In this paper, we have compiled the recent mechanistic investigations of thyroid diseases and established the considerable progress by NAPCD in thyroid diseases. Furthermore, we have elucidated the role of various types of NAPCD in different thyroid disorders. This will help us to better understand the pathophysiology of thyroid-related disorders and identify new targets and mechanisms of drug resistance, which may facilitate the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for patients with thyroid diseases. Here, we have reviewed the advances in the role of NAPCD in the occurrence, progression, and prognosis of thyroid diseases, and highlighted future research prospects in this area.

Association between vitamin levels and obesity in the national health and nutrition examination surveys 2017 to 2018

“…26,27 As an essential dietary vitamin derived from fruits and vegetables, vitamin C can protect healthy cells from oxidative insults and function as a scavenger of free radicals in the body. 28 Vitamin C deficiency is a common feature of person living with obesity. 29 In agreement with previous study results, we found that person living with obesity had lower levels of vitamin C. 30 Part of the reason may be the decreased consumption of fruits and vegetables in obese individuals.…”