Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An overview of risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic procedures, and therapeutic interventions

Gerges, Samar H.; Wahdan, Sara A.; Elsherbiny, Doaa A.; El‐Demerdash, Ebtehal

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119220

Cited by 43 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 261 publications

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“…It was also suggested that hypertriglyceridemic waist was more prevalent in young and middle-aged adults 10 . Fatty liver is considered to be a hepatic injury associated with the metabolic syndrome in parallel with obesity and diabetes 13 . The prevalence of fatty liver has continued to grow in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype is associated with fatty liver and glycometabolic profiles in overweight and obese adults: a cross-sectional study

Zhou

Tang

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The present study aimed to distinguish different hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotypes and relevant risks of developing fatty liver and abnormal glycometabolic profiles in overweight/obese adults. A total of 1221 Chinese adults with mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of 37 (9) years, 37.3% males and 62.7% females, body mass index (BMI) of 29.0 (4.0) kg/m2, triglyceride (TG) 2.04 (1.45) mmol/L, and waist circumference (WC) 95.8 (10.7) cm were included and classified into four phenotypes: normal TG & normal WC (N-N); normal TG & high WC (N-WC); high TG & normal WC (TG-N); high TG & high WC (TG-WC). Participants in TG-WC group had the highest BMI, WC, blood pressure (BP), insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and fatty liver. Participants within N-WC group had a significantly higher risk of fatty liver (adjusted OR 3.50 [95% CI 2.05–5.97]), as well as TG-N (adjusted OR 2.59 [95% CI 1.61–4.16]) and TG-WC (adjusted OR 4.12 [95% CI 2.28–7.46]). The risk of elevated HOMA-IR was significantly higher in TG-N (adjusted OR 2.16 [95% CI 1.33–3.50]) and TG-WC (adjusted OR 2.04 [95% CI 1.22–3.40]). The risk of elevated HbA1c was significantly higher in the TG-WC (adjusted OR 2.79 [95% CI 1.47–5.31]). Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype can be a potential and cost-effective method to identify individuals with a high risk of fatty liver and glycometabolic disorders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype is associated with fatty liver and glycometabolic profiles in overweight and obese adults: a cross-sectional study

Zhou

Tang

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…The proteins were revealed according to Oakley et al [86], using silver nitrate. An Amersham™ ECL™ Rainbow™ Marker-Full range GE Healthcare molecular weight marker (225,150,102,76,52,38,31,24,17, and 12 kDa) was used to estimate the isolated protein molecular mass.…”

Section: Obtaining the Ttimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to current guidelines, a combination of assessing biochemical parameters, non-invasive scores, and imaging tests to identify patients at low risk for advanced liver disease and clinical decision making should be used [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. In addition, this combination can identify patients who must undergo a liver biopsy to confirm advanced fibrosis and in which a more intensive approach is required [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effects of Tamarind Trypsin Inhibitor in Chitosan–Whey Protein Nanoparticles on Hepatic Injury Induced High Glycemic Index Diet: A Preclinical Study

Aguiar

Queiroz

Santos

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Several studies have sought new therapies for obesity and liver diseases. This study investigated the effect of the trypsin inhibitor isolated from tamarind seeds (TTI), nanoencapsulated in chitosan and whey protein isolate (ECW), on the liver health status of the Wistar rats fed with a high glycemic index (HGLI) diet. The nanoformulations without TTI (CW) and ECW were obtained by nanoprecipitation technique, physically and chemically characterized, and then administered to the animals. The adult male Wistar rats (n = 20) were allocated to four groups: HGLI diet + water; standard diet + water; HGLI diet + ECW (12.5 mg/kg); and HGLI diet + CW (10.0 mg/kg), 1 mL per gagave, for ten days. They were evaluated using biochemical and hematological parameters, Fibrosis-4 Index for Liver Fibrosis (FIB-4), AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) scores, and liver morphology. Both nanoparticles presented spherical shape, smooth surface, and nanometric size [120.7 nm (ECW) and 136.4 nm (CW)]. In animals, ECW reduced (p < 0.05) blood glucose (17%), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (39%), and alkaline phosphatase (24%). Besides, ECW reduced (p < 0.05) APRI and FIB-4 scores and presented a better aspect of hepatic morphology. ECW promoted benefits over a liver injury caused by the HGLI diet.

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“…While NAFLD is considered a mild condition, Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), the severe form of the disease, is defined by inflammation and cell damage in addition to the fat accumulation. NASH increases the risk of developing liver fibrosis and may lead to cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease 2 – 4 . Approximately 25–40% of the general western world population develop NAFLD throughout their lives, of which approximately 30% progress to NASH 5 – 7 , which is the leading cause for a liver transplant 8 , 9 with overall estimated economic burden of $103 billion annually and projected 10-year burden of > $1 trillion in US alone 5 , 6 , 10 , 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A robust gene expression signature for NASH in liver expression data

Hasin-Brumshtein¹,

Sakaram²,

Khatri

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a progressive liver disease that affects up to 30% of worldwide population, of which up to 25% progress to Non-Alcoholic SteatoHepatitis (NASH), a severe form of the disease that involves inflammation and predisposes the patient to liver cirrhosis. Despite its epidemic proportions, there is no reliable diagnostics that generalizes to global patient population for distinguishing NASH from NAFLD. We performed a comprehensive multicohort analysis of publicly available transcriptome data of liver biopsies from Healthy Controls (HC), NAFLD and NASH patients. Altogether we analyzed 812 samples from 12 different datasets across 7 countries, encompassing real world patient heterogeneity. We used 7 datasets for discovery and 5 datasets were held-out for independent validation. Altogether we identified 130 genes significantly differentially expressed in NASH versus a mixed group of NAFLD and HC. We show that our signature is not driven by one particular group (NAFLD or HC) and reflects true biological signal. Using a forward search we were able to downselect to a parsimonious set of 19 mRNA signature with mean AUROC of 0.98 in discovery and 0.79 in independent validation. Methods for consistent diagnosis of NASH relative to NAFLD are urgently needed. We showed that gene expression data combined with advanced statistical methodology holds the potential to serve basis for development of such diagnostic tests for the unmet clinical need.

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An overview of risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic procedures, and therapeutic interventions

Cited by 43 publications

References 261 publications

The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype is associated with fatty liver and glycometabolic profiles in overweight and obese adults: a cross-sectional study

The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype is associated with fatty liver and glycometabolic profiles in overweight and obese adults: a cross-sectional study

Beneficial Effects of Tamarind Trypsin Inhibitor in Chitosan–Whey Protein Nanoparticles on Hepatic Injury Induced High Glycemic Index Diet: A Preclinical Study

A robust gene expression signature for NASH in liver expression data

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