Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Sattar, Naveed; Forrest, Ewan; Preiss, David

doi:10.1136/bmj.g4596

Cited by 280 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…For example, in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the ratio of AST/ALT was less than 1, while in more severe liver injury, the ratio increased to over 1 (34). In this study, with the increased AST and no change in ALT, the ratio of AST/ALT increased, which is an indication of liver injury, a finding which was confirmed by histological examination.…”

supporting

confidence: 66%

The Effects of Heated Oils Used in Fast Food Restaurants on Metabolic, Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers, Blood Pressure, and Liver Histology in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Ghobadi

Akhlaghi

Mokhtari

et al. 2018

Iran Red Crescent Med J

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Background: Long and repeated heating causes multiple physical and chemical changes in oil, which may result in serious biological damages upon consumption. Objectives: This study investigated the effects of heated oils used in fast food restaurants on metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress markers in rats. Methods: The experimental clinical study was performed during summer 2016 in Shiraz, Iran. For 13 weeks, 32 Sprague-Dawley rats received one of the 4 diets: Group 1: basal diet mixed with 15% w/w heated oil containing total polar compounds (TPC) = 12.5% (TPC 12.5); Group 2: basal diet with 15% unheated oil used in group 1 (control TPC 12.5); Group 3: basal diet with 15% heated oil with TPC = 35% (TPC 35); and Group 4: basal diet with 15% unheated oil used in group 3 (control TPC 35). At weeks 6 and 13, blood samples were collected for determination of fasting glucose, lipid profile, liver enzymes, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Blood pressure was measured on the 13th week. Histopathological examination of liver slices was performed after euthanization of rats. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS software. Results: On the 13th week, the TPC 35 group had higher plasma glucose (+40.4 mg/dL, P < 0.05), triglycerides (+13.6 mg/dL, P < 0.05), aspartate transaminase (+34.3 U/L, P < 0.05), interleukin-1β (+453 pg/L, P < 0.01), and blood pressure (+16/5 mmHg, P < 0.05) than the control and higher glucose (+59.3 ng/L, P < 0.001), aspartate transaminase (+55.5 U/L, P < 0.05), total cholesterol (+6.5 mg/dL, P < 0.05), and 8-isoprostane (+8.5 mg/dL, P < 0.05) than the values on week 6. On the 6th week, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol was higher in the TPC 35 group than TPC 12.5 (+4.0 mg/dl, P < 0.05) and the level of serum malondialdehyde was higher

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supporting

confidence: 66%

The Effects of Heated Oils Used in Fast Food Restaurants on Metabolic, Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers, Blood Pressure, and Liver Histology in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Ghobadi

Akhlaghi

Mokhtari

et al. 2018

Iran Red Crescent Med J

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“…It is a common pathological phenomenon that a variety of diseases induce the excessive fat to deposite in hepatocyte. 5,6) Mounting reports demonstrate that long-term high fat diet could cause hyperlipidemia, ectopic lipid deposition and the NAFLD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4) NAFLD includes a spectrum of hepatic disorders extending from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis/cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 5,6) In addition to hepatic complications, patients with NAFLD are at increased risk for cardio-metabolic complications such as type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Paeoniflorin Protects against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by a High-Fat Diet in Mice

Zhang

Yang

2015

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Paeoniflorin, a natural product and active ingredient of Paeonia lactiflora, has been demonstrated to have many pharmacological effects including antiinflammatory and antihyperglycemic activity. We investigated the effects of paeoniflorin on NAFLD in mice and its underlying mechanisms. We examined this hypothesis using a well-established animal model of NAFLD. The effects of paeoniflorin on inflammation and glucolipid metabolism disorder were evaluated. The corresponding signaling pathways were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We demonstrated that the mice developed obesity, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver, which formed the NAFLD model. Paeoniflorin attenuated NAFLD and exhibited potential cardiovascular protective effects in vivo by lowering body weight, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance; blocking inflammation; and inhibiting lipid ectopic deposition. Further investigation revealed that the antagonistic effect on hyperlipidemia and lipid ectopic deposition was related to lowering the lipid synthesis pathway (de novo pathway, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoAR)), promoting fatty acid oxidation [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα), carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1, etc.] and increasing cholesterol output (PPARγ-liver X receptor-α-ATP-binding cassette transporter-1); the inhibitory effects on inflammation and hyperglycemia were mediated by blocking inflammatory genes activation and reducing gluconeogenic genes expression (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and G6Pase). These results suggest that paeoniflorin prevents the development of NAFLD and reduces the risks of atherosclerosis through multiple intracellular signaling pathways. It may therefore be a potential therapeutic compound for NAFLD.

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“…Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) are enzymes used to monitor liver injury, and may be elevated in the blood of patients with NAFLD [30]. Although liver enzymes are insensitive markers of liver injury in NASH, a decrease in liver aminotransferases with treatment interventions may correlate histologic improvement in liver injury [31,32].…”

Section: Aerobic Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Training as Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Glass

Radia

Kraus

et al. 2017

JFMK

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Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a growing health epidemic in developed countries with increased prevalence in obese and diabetic populations. Exercise is an established and essential component of lifestyle modification for NAFLD disease management. Despite numerous studies reporting exercise-mediated improvements in NAFLD, there remains a large gap in our knowledge of how to optimize exercise prescriptions and whether the benefits of exercise extend beyond improvements in liver fat. In this review, we summarize studies that have investigated the independent effects of exercise training on liver enzymes, hepatic fat, and histologic markers in NAFLD. Overall, 12-weeks of aerobic, resistance, the combination of aerobic and resistance, and novel training modalities, including acceleration and hybrid training, significantly improve liver enzymes and hepatic fat. The greatest benefits in NAFLD may occur through the combination of aerobic and resistance training that targets both cardiorespiratory fitness, and mediators of skeletal muscle, known as myokines. Understanding the role of myokines in the beneficial effects of exercise in NAFLD may identify future therapeutic targets that can be modified with tailored exercise prescriptions.

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Cited by 280 publications

References 34 publications

The Effects of Heated Oils Used in Fast Food Restaurants on Metabolic, Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers, Blood Pressure, and Liver Histology in Sprague-Dawley Rats

The Effects of Heated Oils Used in Fast Food Restaurants on Metabolic, Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers, Blood Pressure, and Liver Histology in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Paeoniflorin Protects against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by a High-Fat Diet in Mice

Exercise Training as Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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