Nomenclature of Amino Acids

Barrett, G. C.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-4832-7_1

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Four plausible single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in pf mdr-1 gene, N86Y, N1042D, S1034C, and D1246Y [ 33 , 35 ] in which asparagine at codons 86 and 1042, serine at codon 1034, and aspartic acid at codon 1246 of pf mdr-1 protein had been replaced by tyrosine, aspartic acid, cystine, and tyrosine, respectively. These substitutions have altered P-gh physiochemical properties as all the substitute amino acids are more polar as compared to their substituent (as indicated by their hydrophobicity indices— Table 1 ) [ 36 ].…”

Section: Digestive Vacuole Membrane Transporters: (I) P-glycoprotementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Different Pfcrt and Pfmdr-1 Mutations in Conferring Resistance to Antimalaria Drugs in Plasmodium falciparum

Ibraheem

Majid

Noor

et al. 2014

Malaria Research and Treatment

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Emergence of drugs resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum has augmented the scourge of malaria in endemic areas. Antimalaria drugs act on different intracellular targets. The majority of them interfere with digestive vacuoles (DVs) while others affect other organelles, namely, apicoplast and mitochondria. Prevention of drug accumulation or access into the target site is one of the mechanisms that plasmodium adopts to develop resistance. Plasmodia are endowed with series of transporters that shuffle drugs away from the target site, namely, pfmdr (Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance transporter) and pfcrt (Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter) which exist in DV membrane and are considered as putative markers of CQ resistance. They are homologues to human P-glycoproteins (P-gh or multidrug resistance system) and members of drug metabolite transporter (DMT) family, respectively. The former mediates drifting of xenobiotics towards the DV while the latter chucks them outside. Resistance to drugs whose target site of action is intravacuolar develops when the transporters expel them outside the DVs and vice versa for those whose target is extravacuolar. In this review, we are going to summarize the possible pfcrt and pfmdr mutation and their role in changing plasmodium sensitivity to different anti-Plasmodium drugs.

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Section: Digestive Vacuole Membrane Transporters: (I) P-glycoprotementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Different Pfcrt and Pfmdr-1 Mutations in Conferring Resistance to Antimalaria Drugs in Plasmodium falciparum

Ibraheem

Majid

Noor

et al. 2014

Malaria Research and Treatment

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“…A number of synthetic routes to substituted tryptophans have been considered earlier (Scheme 5). 58,59 However, attempts to execute these in a practical sense met with only limited success. The principal reason for the failure of the second and fourth approaches, as represented in Scheme 5, originated from the inability of the chiral auxiliary to tolerate the harsh conditions of the Fischerindole cyclization.…”

Section: Enantiospecific Synthesis Of 5-methoxylated D(+)-tryptophans...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Enantiospecific, Stereospecific Total Synthesis of the Ring-A Oxygenated Sarpagine Indole Alkaloids (+)-Majvinine, (+)-10-Methoxyaffinisine, and (+)-N_a-Methylsarpagine, as Well as the Total Synthesis of the Alstonia Bisindole Alkaloid Macralstonidine

et al. 2003

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The first stereospecific, enantiospecific total synthesis of the ring-A oxygenated sarpagine indole alkaloids (+)-N(a)-methylsarpagine (8), (+)-majvinine (14), and (+)-10-methoxyaffinisine (49), as well as the first total synthesis of the Alstonia bisindole alkaloid macralstonidine (9), has been accomplished. This approach employed the Schöllkopf chiral auxiliary for the stereospecific construction of the desired d-(+)-tryptophan unit required for the asymmetric Pictet-Spengler reaction. In addition, the strategy was doubly convergent for the enolate-mediated Pd(0) coupling process and the asymmetric Pictet-Spengler reaction can be employed to synthesize both macroline (2) and N(a)-methylsarpagine (8), the coupling of which provides macralstonidine (9). This approach to ring-A substituted alkoxyindole alkaloids should find wide application for the synthesis of other alkaloids for it is stereospecific and either enantiomer can be prepared with ease.

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“…L-Lysine [(2S)-2,6-diaminocaproic acid, NH 2 (CH 2 ) 4 CH-(NH 2 )COOH] is an essential amino acid and is characterized by having an amine group at -C. At room temperature, lysine is a white crystalline solid with the vapor pressure on the order of 10 -10 Torr, 19 which exists as an inner salt or in the zwitterionic form NH 3 + (CH 2 ) 4 CH-(NH 2 )COO -. 20 The decomposition point of lysine is 497 K. 21 When warmed, solid lysine vaporizes and converts to the gas phase, but the conformation in the gas phase is not clear yet, probably in its neutral form (NH 2 (CH 2 ) 4 -CH(NH 2 )COOH), same as in the cases of glycine and alanine. [22][23][24][25] In aqueous solution, its form depends on the pH value, varying from divalent cationic (NH 3 + (CH 2 ) 4 -CH(NH 3 + )COOH through monovalent cationic (NH 3 + -(CH 2 ) 4 CH(NH 3 + )COO -) and zwitterionic (NH 3 + (CH 2 ) 4 -CH(NH 2 )COO -) to anionic (NH 2 (CH 2 ) 4 CH(NH 2 )COO -) as the pH increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Investigation of l-Lysine Adsorbed on Cu(001)

2000

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Adsorption of L-lysine (or, in absolute nomenclature, S-lysine) on Cu(001) has been studied with a UHV-STM. The binding energy is estimated to be not lower than 1.6 eV, and thus lysine is expected to be in its anionic form on the surface. The adsorbates have two phases, that is, the two-dimensional (2D) gas and solid phases. We speculate that in the 2D gas phase the molecules stand upright on the surface with their two oxygen atoms at the atop sites and can diffuse frequently, and that in the 2D solid phase the molecules lie down on the surface and connect to their neighboring molecules by hydrogen bonds so to form two slightly different superstructures, Cu(001)( -2 4 41 )-and Cu(001)( -3 4 41 )-L-lysine, for which models have been proposed for further investigation. Surprisingly, adsorption of L-lysine can make all steps restructuring into {3 1 17} facets with the same chirality. This phenomenon shows that chiral metal surfaces have potential in discrimination of molecular chirality.

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Nomenclature of Amino Acids

Cited by 10 publications

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Role of Different Pfcrt and Pfmdr-1 Mutations in Conferring Resistance to Antimalaria Drugs in Plasmodium falciparum

Role of Different Pfcrt and Pfmdr-1 Mutations in Conferring Resistance to Antimalaria Drugs in Plasmodium falciparum

The Enantiospecific, Stereospecific Total Synthesis of the Ring-A Oxygenated Sarpagine Indole Alkaloids (+)-Majvinine, (+)-10-Methoxyaffinisine, and (+)-N_a-Methylsarpagine, as Well as the Total Synthesis of the Alstonia Bisindole Alkaloid Macralstonidine

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Investigation of l-Lysine Adsorbed on Cu(001)

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Nomenclature of Amino Acids

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Role of Different Pfcrt and Pfmdr-1 Mutations in Conferring Resistance to Antimalaria Drugs in Plasmodium falciparum

Role of Different Pfcrt and Pfmdr-1 Mutations in Conferring Resistance to Antimalaria Drugs in Plasmodium falciparum

The Enantiospecific, Stereospecific Total Synthesis of the Ring-A Oxygenated Sarpagine Indole Alkaloids (+)-Majvinine, (+)-10-Methoxyaffinisine, and (+)-Na-Methylsarpagine, as Well as the Total Synthesis of the Alstonia Bisindole Alkaloid Macralstonidine

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Investigation of l-Lysine Adsorbed on Cu(001)

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The Enantiospecific, Stereospecific Total Synthesis of the Ring-A Oxygenated Sarpagine Indole Alkaloids (+)-Majvinine, (+)-10-Methoxyaffinisine, and (+)-N_a-Methylsarpagine, as Well as the Total Synthesis of the Alstonia Bisindole Alkaloid Macralstonidine