Nomadic Behavior of an Old and Formerly Territorial Eastern Coyote, &lt;em&gt;Canis latrans&lt;/em&gt;

Way, Jonathan; Timm, Brad C.

doi:10.22621/cfn.v122i4.638

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…F21, F29), also as a consequence of pack disruption following human-caused, disturbance events (F23 and M26). Old, solitary individuals may be forced to approach human settlements to find food, as already reported for coyotes (Way & Timm, 2008). Similarly, dispersing wolves are known to move along the interstices between the packs' territories (Fuller et al, 2003), where habitat characteristics may be less suitable compared to those faced by resident pack members, including higher presence of human infrastructures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Social, behavioural and temporal components of wolf (Canis lupus) responses to anthropogenic landscape features in the central Apennines, Italy

et al. 2019

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Understanding large carnivores’ behavioural adaptations to habitat modifications is critical for their persistence in human‐modified environments. Based on 10 Global Positioning System‐collared wolves in a protected area of central Italy, we investigated wolf responses to anthropogenic features such as roads and settlements by using Step and Resource Selection Functions. We revealed that responses by wolves to anthropogenic features varied according to behavioural state (travelling vs. resting) and social affiliation (pack members vs. floaters), while accounting for seasonal and circadian effects. During summer, pack members strongly avoided roads and settlements throughout all day, both when travelling and resting, and complemented this response by selecting forested areas and shrublands. Conversely, during fall and winter, pack members relaxed the avoidance towards anthropogenic features by travelling closer to main roads and settlements, but they still selected resting sites farther from anthropogenic features and located them in denser cover and along steeper slopes. Compared to pack members, floaters, when travelling, showed a weaker avoidance of main roads and settlements and did not show any selection pattern towards environmental variables. When resting, contrary to pack members, floaters selected sites closer to main roads and settlements, even though these were still located along denser cover and steeper slopes. Our findings suggest that wolves living in human‐modified landscapes adapt behaviourally to the spatial and temporal distribution of perceived interference by humans and that their response is complementary to the expected seasonal and circadian variation in human activity. These adaptations appear to be aided by the selection of habitat features that enhance security and allow segregation from humans. Maintenance of such habitat characteristics appears of critical importance to ensure the functionality of behavioural adaptations by wolves living in human‐modified landscapes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Social, behavioural and temporal components of wolf (Canis lupus) responses to anthropogenic landscape features in the central Apennines, Italy

et al. 2019

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“…2 yr; n = 6) (Way 2007a). However, one unaffiliated individual ("localized floater" -see Way and Timm 2008) was very old (10-12 yr) and possibly post reproductive and moved among other territorial packs (using an area of ~ 200 km 2 ) in a fairly restricted area compared to other eastern coyotes that have been studied (Way and Timm 2008).…”

Section: Transient Movementsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Transients can either nomadically roam a fairly localized area, presumably looking for territorial openings (e.g., Way and Timm 2008), or they can exhibit relatively straight long-distance dispersal, often to new distant areas (Harrison 1992, Way 2007a, and sources within both references). These combined dispersal strategies allow canids to quickly colonize and recolonize vacant habitat whether rural (Harrison 1992) or urban (Way 2007a).…”

Section: Transient Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eastern Coyote/Coywolf (Canis latrans x lycaon) Movement Patterns: Lessons Learned in Urbanized Ecosystems

Way

2011

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Activity and movement patterns represent a fundamental aspect of a species natural history. Twenty four-hour movements of eastern coyotes or coywolves (Canis latrans x lycaon; hereafter eastern coyote for consistency purposes) ranged up to 31.9 linear km and averaged 23.5 + 7.3 (SD) km from 5-14 radio-fixes during each 24 hr monitoring period. Coyotes moved mostly at night and through altered open areas (e.g., powerlines, dumps) more than expected when compared to residential and natural areas. Coyotes inhabiting urbanized areas generally use residential areas for traveling and/or foraging. With large daily (or more aptly, nightly) movement patterns, resident coyotes can potentially be located anywhere within their large home ranges at any given time, as data revealed that one pack (3-4 individuals) can cover a combined 75-100 km per night, in a territory averaging 20-30 km 2 . Transient movements from capture location to end location varied from 23.0-100.5 km and averaged 63.8 km for two females and 49.3 km for four males. Eastern coyotes travel long distances even in human-dominated areas, allowing transients to find vacant territories. Because of their ability to move through urban areas and to colonize and recolonize areas, management efforts should focus more on educating the public about actual coyote behavior and their life history needs than on killing them.

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“…Residency is usually predicted to be positively related to age, as the remaining number of reproductive events diminishes through time and the costs of changing territory may therefore not be compensated for (Morris , Switzer ). However, older individuals may become unable to defend their territory against conspecifics and may be forced to leave (Way and Timm ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Movement tactics of a mobile predator in a meta‐ecosystem with fluctuating resources: the arctic fox in the High Arctic

Lai

Bêty

Berteaux

2016

Oikos

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Animal movement is a fundamental process shaping ecosystems at multiple levels, from the fate of individuals to global patterns of biodiversity. The spatio-temporal dynamic of food resources is a major driver of animal movement and generates patterns ranging from range residency to migration and nomadism. Arctic tundra predators face a strongly fluctuating environment marked by cyclic microtine populations, high seasonality, and the potential availability of sea ice, which gives access to marine resources in winter. This type of relatively poor and highly variable environment can promote longdistance movements and resource tracking in mobile species. Here, we investigated the winter movements of the arctic fox, a major tundra predator often described as a seasonal migrant or nomad. We used six years of Argos satellite telemetry data collected on 66 adults from Bylot Island (Nunavut, Canada) tracked during the sea ice period. We hypothesized that longdistance movements would be influenced by spatio-temporal changes in resource availability and individual characteristics. Despite strong annual and seasonal changes in resource abundance and distribution, we found that a majority of individuals remained resident, especially those located in an area characterized by highly predictable pulse resources (goose nesting colony) and abundant cached food items (eggs). Foxes compensated terrestrial food shortage by commuting to the sea ice rather than using long-distance tracking or moving completely onto the sea ice for winter. Individual characteristics also influenced movement patterns: age positively influenced the propensity to engage in nomadism, suggesting older foxes may be driven out of their territories. Our results show how these mammalian predators can adjust their movement patterns to favor range residency despite strong spatio-temporal fluctuations in food resources. Understanding the movement responses of predators to prey dynamics helps identifying the scales at which they work, which is a critical aspect of the functioning and connectivity among meta-ecosystems.

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Nomadic Behavior of an Old and Formerly Territorial Eastern Coyote, <em>Canis latrans</em>

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Social, behavioural and temporal components of wolf (Canis lupus) responses to anthropogenic landscape features in the central Apennines, Italy

Social, behavioural and temporal components of wolf (Canis lupus) responses to anthropogenic landscape features in the central Apennines, Italy

Eastern Coyote/Coywolf (Canis latrans x lycaon) Movement Patterns: Lessons Learned in Urbanized Ecosystems

Movement tactics of a mobile predator in a meta‐ecosystem with fluctuating resources: the arctic fox in the High Arctic

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