NOM characterization and treatability

Owen, Douglas; Amy, Gary L.; Chowdhury, Zaid K.; Paode, Rajendra D.; McCoy, George; Viscosil, Kathy

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1995.tb06301.x

Cited by 254 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…figure 3 shows, ozone pre -oxidation for TOC and COD Mn removal capacity is limited, 3 mg/L ozone for TOC and COD Mn removal rate was only 15.06% and 14.29%. Analysis of ozone can not effectively remove COD Mn and TOC reason is due to ozone selective oxidation [8] , ozone oxidation is mainly to change the structure and properties of organic matter, the macromolecular organic oxidation for small molecule organic matter,increase the organic matter composition with characteristics of saturated [9] , and not the complete oxidation of organic matter.…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone pre-oxidation to the degradation technology research of MC-LR

Lin¹,

Chen²,

Zhao³

2015

Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Materials Engineering and Information Technology Applications

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Abstract. Ozone pre-oxidation can effectively degrade MC-LR, 2mg / L ozone for MC-LR removal efficiency of 65.28%. 2mg / L ozone for MC-LR removal efficiency reach to 65.28%. Ozone also has a better removal effect for turbidity and UV 254 , 4mg / L ozone for UV 254 and turbidity removal efficiency are 50% and 59.38%. But ozone removal efficiency of TOC and COD Mn was poor, 3mg / L ozone for TOC and COD Mn removal rate are only 15.06% and 14.29%.

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Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone pre-oxidation to the degradation technology research of MC-LR

Lin¹,

Chen²,

Zhao³

2015

Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Materials Engineering and Information Technology Applications

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“…3b shows that not only the hydrophobic acid but also the hydrophilic have higher THMFP. The result shows that if the organic is hydrophilic and low molecular weight organic pollution is very likely to have higher THMFP, thus it could pose health issue of the formation of DBPs in disinfection process with Cl 2 [11,12].…”

Section: Thmfp Of Nommentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural organic matter (NOM) removal in a typical North-China water plant by enhanced coagulation: Targets and techniques

Yan

Wang²,

Ni³

et al. 2009

Separation and Purification Technology

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a b s t r a c tSeasonal coagulation objectives for a typical North-China water treatment plant with micro-polluted and high alkalinity source waters are proposed in this paper. These are based on a yearlong data collection period where raw water characteristics, trihalomethanes formation potential (THMFP) and coagulation features were investigated using a jar test procedure, resin absorption and ultrafiltration fractionations. Three approaches beyond simply increasing the coagulant dose were used to achieve optimized coagulation. One is coagulation by adjusting the pH of the raw water when metal salt coagulants (FeCl 3 and AlCl 3 ) are used. At pH levels of about 5.0 for FeCl 3 and about 5.8 for AlCl 3 , the highest removal of natural organic matter (NOM) was obtained, which is twice that without pH control. The second is enhanced coagulation through coagulant optimization based on raw water characteristics. A high efficient composite polyaluminum chloride (HPAC) coagulant was developed for the water taking the advantages of polyaluminum chloride (PACl) and other additives. HPAC exhibited 30% more efficiency than AlCl 3 , FeCl 3 and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal and was also very effective in turbidity removal. The third is enhanced softening with coagulant addition. Higher removal of NOM is achieved by enhanced softening with coagulant addition conditions as compared with conventional coagulation at natural pH. Especially with PACl addition, it can enhance the formation of Mg(OH) 2 precipitate and remove NOM efficiently at a relatively lower pH range (pH < 10). By this approach, the pH for enhanced softening can be decreased significantly into a practical operation pH range for high-hardness water at a treatment plant.

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“…Generally, elimination of these humic substances during drinking water treatment is carried out by coagulation with hydrolyzed metal species such as aluminum and iron salts. However, the presence of uncoagulated humic materials in clarified water is responsible for reduced adsorption capacity in activated carbon beds, taste and odor of the finished water, membrane fouling, trihalomethane formation during chlorine disinfection, or biological regrowth in the distribution network [1][2][3]. Accord-ingly, considerable attention has been focused on the technologies and their own efficiency for eliminating these substances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of polyferric chloride (PFC) doses and pH on the fractal characteristics of PFC–HA flocs

Wang

Feng

Dentel

et al. 2011

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspect

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a b s t r a c tChanges in the fractal characteristics of PFC-HA flocs with polyferric chloride (PFC) doses and coagulation pHs were investigated in this study. A type of PFC coagulant with a hydrolysis degree (B*) of 0.6027 and a Fe(III) concentration of 0.202 mol/L was employed to coagulate HA solutions at five constant coagulation pHs. Zeta potential tests were employed to reveal the coagulation mechanisms. The physical properties of flocs formed in the coagulation process were analyzed by their CCD image morphology, size distribution, and fractal dimensions. Next, microscopic observations and nitrogen-adsorption-desorption methods were conducted to characterize the pore structure and surface fractal dimensions of powders prepared from these flocs through a cryofixation-vacuum-freeze-drying procedure. The PFC doses and coagulation pHs had an obvious effect on the physical characteristics of PFC-HA flocs and their corresponding powders. Generally, in the low PFC dose range, PFC-HA flocs formed under acidic coagulation pHs and charge neutralization mechanisms were larger, had less irregular boundaries or surfaces (lower D 1 value), a more compact structure (lower D 2 value) and more irregular pore surface or pore size distribution in their dried powder than those formed under neutral and alkaline coagulation pHs and physical enmeshment and/or fresh precipitate adsorption mechanisms involved in the coagulation process. After the PFC doses exceeded this range, a gradual reversal phenomenon occurred. Furthermore, there were different specific PFC dosages that were above the critical reversal point for each property of these flocs or powders, such as the median diameter, one-dimensional fractal dimension, two-dimensional fractal dimension, and pore surface fractal dimension. In addition to these characteristics, the most compact PFC-HA flocs were formed at coagulation pH = 6.00 ± 0.05 and a PFC dosage of 4.04 × 10 −4 mol/L (Fe 3+ ), and the loosest flocs were produced at coagulation pH = 7.00 ± 0.05 and a PFC dose of 1.01 × 10 −4 mol/L (Fe 3+ ).

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NOM characterization and treatability

Cited by 254 publications

References 21 publications

Ozone pre-oxidation to the degradation technology research of MC-LR

Ozone pre-oxidation to the degradation technology research of MC-LR

Natural organic matter (NOM) removal in a typical North-China water plant by enhanced coagulation: Targets and techniques

Effect of polyferric chloride (PFC) doses and pH on the fractal characteristics of PFC–HA flocs

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