Noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Sustainably Improves Posture in Bilateral Vestibulopathy

Fujimoto, Chisato; Egami, Naoya; Kawahara, Takuya; Uemura, Yukari; Yamamoto, Yoshiharu; Yamasoba, Tatsuya; Iwasaki, Shinichi

doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00900

Cited by 65 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, amplitude is just one parameter of the stimulation signal to consider. Different groups have used frequency ranges of 0.02 to 10 Hz [13,18], 0.1 to 10 Hz [46], 0 to 30 Hz [20][21][22]24], which is similar to the present study, and even 0.1 to 640 Hz [16]. At this point, the optimal stimulation frequency range is unknown.…”

Section: Measure-interactions Threshold X Balance Threshold X Stimulasupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Recently, several groups of researchers have demonstrated that the application of subthreshold stochastic vestibular stimulation (SVS), also known as noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation, is associated with improved balance control during standing and changes in walking patterns [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. For example, SVS results in reduced postural sway length and velocity during eyes-open quiet standing in young and older adults [15,16] and during eyes-closed quiet standing in patients with bilateral vestibulopathy [13,17]. In addition, others found increased gait speed and changes in stride measures with SVS during treadmill and overground walking in healthy adults and patients with bilateral vestibulopathy [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subthreshold stochastic vestibular stimulation affects balance-challenged standing and walking

2020

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Subthreshold stochastic vestibular stimulation (SVS) is thought to enhance vestibular sensitivity and improve balance. However, it is unclear how SVS affects standing and walking when balance is challenged, particularly when the eyes are open. It is also unclear how different methods to determine stimulation intensity influence the effects. We aimed to determine (1) whether SVS affects stability when balance is challenged during eyes-open standing and overground walking tasks, and (2) how the effects differ based on whether optimal stimulation amplitude is derived from sinusoidal or cutaneous threshold techniques. Thirteen healthy adults performed balance-unchallenged and balance-challenged standing and walking tasks with SVS (0-30 Hz zero-mean, white noise electrical stimulus) or sham stimulation. For the balance-challenged condition, participants had inflatable rubber hemispheres attached to the bottom of their shoes to reduce the control provided by moving the center of pressure under their base of support. In different blocks of trials, we set SVS intensity to either 50% of participants' sinusoidal (motion) threshold or 80% of participants' cutaneous threshold. SVS reduced medial-lateral trunk velocity root mean square in the balance-challenged (p < 0.05) but not in the balance-unchallenged condition during standing. Regardless of condition, SVS decreased step-width variability and marginally increased gait speed when walking with the eyes open (p < 0.05). SVS intensity had minimal effect on the standing and walking measures. Taken together, our results provide insight into the effectiveness of SVS at improving balance-challenged, eyes-open standing and walking performance in healthy adults. OPEN ACCESSCitation: Piccolo C, Bakkum A, Marigold DS (2020) Subthreshold stochastic vestibular stimulation affects balance-challenged standing and walking. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231334. https://doi.org/ 10.

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Section: Measure-interactions Threshold X Balance Threshold X Stimulasupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subthreshold stochastic vestibular stimulation affects balance-challenged standing and walking

2020

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“…The present study revealed that the vestibular system is involved in the development of obesity and its influences on glucose metabolism induced by energy excess in mice. A previous study showed that a noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS), an imperceptible level of GVS, improves balance in patients with bilateral vestibulopathy [44]. Moreover, nGVS ameliorates autonomic nervous and motor functions in patients with central neurodegenerative disorders [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of the vestibular system in obesity and impaired glucose metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice

Kawao¹,

Takafuji²,

Ishida³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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The vestibular system controls balance, posture, blood pressure, and gaze. However, the roles of the vestibular system in energy and glucose metabolism remain unknown. We herein examined the roles of the vestibular system in obesity and impaired glucose metabolism using mice with vestibular lesions (VL) fed a high-sucrose/high-fat diet (HSHFD). VL was induced by surgery or arsenic. VL significantly suppressed body fat enhanced by HSHFD in mice. Glucose intolerance was improved by VL in mice fed HSHFD. VL blunted the levels of adipogenic factors and pro-inflammatory adipokines elevated by HSHFD in the epididymal white adipose tissue of mice. A β-blocker antagonized body fat and glucose intolerance enhanced by HSHFD in mice. The results of an RNA sequencing analysis showed that HSHFD induced alterations in genes, such as insulin-like growth factor-2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, in the vestibular nuclei of mice through the vestibular system. In conclusion, we herein demonstrated that the dysregulation of the vestibular system influences an obese state and impaired glucose metabolism induced by HSHFD in mice. The vestibular system may contribute to the regulation of set points under excess energy conditions. OPEN ACCESS Citation: Kawao N, Takafuji Y, Ishida M, Okumoto K, Morita H, Muratani M, et al. (2020) Roles of the vestibular system in obesity and impaired glucose metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice. PLoS ONE 15 (2): e0228685. https://doi.org/10.sympathetic nervous system in rodents [4,5]. Luxa et al. reported that labyrinthectomy increased myofiber remodeling in the soleus muscle of mice [6]. We recently revealed that gravity changes affect muscle and bone through the vestibular system in mice [7,8]. Collectively, these findings suggest that the vestibular system regulates the musculoskeletal system partly through the sympathetic nervous system. Dysfunctions in the vestibular system clinically cause dizziness, vertigo, and unsteadiness [9]. Long-term space flight impairs the vestibular system in astronauts who experience orthostatic intolerance and unsteadiness [3]. However, the roles of the vestibular system in metabolic homeostasis have not yet been elucidated in detail.Excess energy is stored in white adipose tissue (WAT) as lipids and causes obesity, a risk factor for diabetes [10]. Adipocytes differentiate from mesenchymal stem cells, and the activation of adipogenic differentiation is followed by enhanced levels of peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor γ (PPARγ), aP2, long chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL) 1, and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). In obesity, WAT releases pro-inflammatory adipokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, which impair glucose metabolism due to the induction of low-grade systemic inflammation [10]. Adiponectin and leptin released from adipose tissue exert pleiotropic effects in glucose metabolism [10]. Circulating adiponectin and leptin produced from WAT are negatively and positively r...

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“…No commercial or financial conflicts of interest were disclosed in any of these studies. Journal of neurology (Q1) 12 Adults (6 female), age unspecified 2 complete BVD 10 partial BVD [28] Biological Cybernetics (Q1) 9 Adults (6 female), mean age =22 years Healthy [42] Frontiers in neurology (Q1) 13 Adults (5 female), mean age =63.1 ± 4.0 years BVD [37] Frontiers in neurology (Q1) 1 Adult (female), age =21 years Complete BVD and bilateral hearing loss [47] Frontiers in neurology (Q1) 4 Adults (2 female), mean age =58.8 years BVD Application technique was very similar in all studies. All stimulation was delivered bilaterally to electrodes placed on the mastoid processes behind each ear.…”

Section: Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (Gvs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This required a two-legged stance task in which the centre of pressure (COP) was measured and any changes in the following three parameters were recorded: COP velocity, COP envelopment area and the root mean square (RMS) of the COP. The task was performed with eyes closed in 2/8 cases to minimise visual contribution to balance [25,42]. Peterka et al [26] constrained subjects to sway as a 'single-link inverted pendulum', only allowing sway rotation around a single-axis located at ankle level.…”

Section: Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (Gvs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding a Balance: A Systematic Review of the Biomechanical Effects of Vestibular Prostheses on Stability in Humans

Haxby

Akrami

Zamani

2020

JFMK

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The vestibular system is located in the inner ear and is responsible for maintaining balance in humans. Bilateral vestibular dysfunction (BVD) is a disorder that adversely affects vestibular function. This results in symptoms such as postural imbalance and vertigo, increasing the incidence of falls and worsening quality of life. Current therapeutic options are often ineffective, with a focus on symptom management. Artificial stimulation of the vestibular system, via a vestibular prosthesis, is a technique being explored to restore vestibular function. This review systematically searched for literature that reported the effect of artificial vestibular stimulation on human behaviours related to balance, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) technique. A total of 21 papers matched the inclusion criteria of the literature search conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases (February 2019). The populations for these studies included both healthy adults and patients with BVD. In every paper, artificial vestibular stimulation caused an improvement in certain behaviours related to balance, although the extent of the effect varied greatly. Various behaviours were measured such as the vestibulo-ocular reflex, postural sway and certain gait characteristics. Two classes of prosthesis were evaluated and both showed a significant improvement in at least one aspect of balance-related behaviour in every paper included. No adverse effects were reported for prostheses using noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation, however, prosthetic implantation sometimes caused hearing or vestibular loss. Significant heterogeneity in methodology, study population and disease aetiology were observed. The present study confirms the feasibility of vestibular implants in humans for restoring balance in controlled conditions, but more research needs to be conducted to determine their effects on balance in non-clinical settings.

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Noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Sustainably Improves Posture in Bilateral Vestibulopathy

Cited by 65 publications

References 38 publications

Subthreshold stochastic vestibular stimulation affects balance-challenged standing and walking

Subthreshold stochastic vestibular stimulation affects balance-challenged standing and walking

Roles of the vestibular system in obesity and impaired glucose metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice

Finding a Balance: A Systematic Review of the Biomechanical Effects of Vestibular Prostheses on Stability in Humans

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