“…An approach of the kind we are advocating explores the ecology of the individual, the social collective and the behavioural setting as a whole. This more rounded ecological approach therefore provides, for example, insight into (a) how the link between noise level, individuals' exposure and the personal consequences is not straightforward or predictable (Kjellberg et al, 1996;Leather et al, 2003;Banbury et al, 2001;Schick et al, 2000) and (b) the many nonphysical variables that govern individuals' responses, such as predictability (Kjellberg et al, 1996;Leather et al, 2003;Schick et al, 2000;Quehl and Basner, 2006), controllability (Glass and Singer, 1972), attitude towards the sound (Cohen et al, 1981;Kjellberg et al, 1996;Quehl and Basner, 2006), and ongoing activity (Kjellberg et al, 1996). Moreover, by exploring examples that progress beyond noise and stress research and into the domain of 'soundscapes' or 'sonic events', much can be learned about the complex psycho-sociological and situational interrelationships involved.…”