Noise of mode-locked lasers

Haus, H.A.; Mecozzi, Antonio

doi:10.1109/3.206583

Cited by 457 publications

(351 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The Master equation as expressed in (2) considers the effects in the mode-locked laser as perturbations and does not guarantee stability of the pulse solutions in all limits. In fact, as pointed out in [69], energy fluctuations will grow exponentially without gain saturation to counterbalance the APM action. In solid-state lasers with slow, saturable gain and instantaneous SAM, we would expect some perturbations to grow too quickly for the pulse to be stabilized by gain saturation.…”

Section: Fiber Soliton Lasersmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Reference [125] reviewed the Haus-Mecozzi theory [69] of timing jitter and amplitude fluctuations in a mode-locked laser with negative GVD. The equations of motion for the different noise components -energy, timing, and frequency -were derived, and the spontaneous emission noise (quantum noise) was modeled by a white noise source.…”

Section: Noise In P-apm Fiber Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ultrashort-pulse fiber ring lasers

Nelson¹,

Jones²,

Tamura³

et al. 1997

Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics

Self Cite

730

385

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Abstract. This paper reviews recent progress on ultrashort pulse generation with erbium-doped fiber ring lasers. The passive mode-locking technique of polarization additive pulse mode-locking (P-APM) is used to generate stable, selfstarting, sub-500 fs pulses at the fundamental repetition rate from a unidirectional fiber ring laser operating in the soliton regime. Saturation of the APM, spectral sideband generation, and intracavity filtering are discussed. Harmonic modelocking of fiber ring lasers with soliton pulse compression is addressed, and stability regions for the solitons are mapped and compared with theoretical predictions. The stretchedpulse laser, which incorporates segments of positive-and negative-dispersion fiber into the P-APM fiber ring, generates shorter (sub-100 fs) pulses with broader bandwidths (> 65 nm) and higher pulse energies (up to 2.7 nJ). We discuss optimization of the net dispersion of the stretched-pulse laser, use of the APM rejection port as the laser output port, and frequency doubling for amplifier seed applications. We also review the analytical theory of the stretched-pulse laser as well as discuss the excellent noise characteristics of both the soliton and stretched-pulse lasers. 42.60F; 42.65; 42.80 Fiber lasers were made possible in the 1960s by the incorporation of trivalent rare-earth ions such as neodymium, erbium, and thulium into glass hosts [1]. Soon thereafter neodymium was incorporated into the cores of fiber waveguides [2,3]. Due to the high efficiency of the Nd +3 ion as a laser, early work focused on Nd +3 -doped silica fiber lasers operating at 1.06 µm [4]. Doping of silica fibers with Er +3 ions was not achieved until the 1980s [5,6]. Since that time Er +3 -doped fiber lasers have received much attention, because the lasing wavelength at 1.55 µm falls within the low-loss window of optical fibers and thus is suitable for optical fiber communications. Rare-earth ions such as Ho +3 [7,8], Tm +3 [9-11], and * Current address: Lucent Technologies/Bell Labs, 791 Holmdel-Keyport Road, Holmdel, NJ, USA * * Current address: NTT Access Network Systems Laboratory, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-11, Japan Yb +3 [12,13] have also been used as dopants or co-dopants in silica or fluoride fibers, allowing new lasing or pumping wavelengths, and Pr +3 has been incorporated into fluoride fiber, providing emission at 1.3 µm [14,15]. PACS:Among the numerous advantages of fiber lasers are simple doping procedures, low loss, and the possibility of pumping with compact, efficient diodes. The fiber itself provides the waveguide, and the availability of various fiber components minimizes the need for bulk optics and mechanical alignment. Many different cavity configurations can be easily built with fibers and fused-fiber couplers, including linear FabryPerot, ring, and combinations of the two. Enhancement of the fiber nonlinearity due to large signal intensities and long interaction lengths is an additional advantage of fiber lasers that is particularly important for mode-locki...

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Section: Fiber Soliton Lasersmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Noise In P-apm Fiber Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrashort-pulse fiber ring lasers

Nelson¹,

Jones²,

Tamura³

et al. 1997

Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics

Self Cite

730

385

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The noise properties of mode-locked lasers were theoretically studied in the framework of soliton perturbation theory by Haus and Mecozzi in their seminal paper published in 1993 [13]. It successfully predicted the noise behavior of many mode-locked solid-state and fiber lasers [16,19,21,22].…”

Section: Timing Jitter Of Optical Pulse Trains From Mode-locked Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another fascinating and important aspect of femtosecond mode-locked lasers is their noise properties [13]. In fact, optical frequency combs and phase-controlled fewcycle pulses were so successful because of the excellent noise properties of mode-locked lasers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attosecond‐precision ultrafast photonics

Kim

Kärtner

2010

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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We review our recent progress toward attosecondprecision ultrafast photonics based on ultra-low timing jitter optical pulse trains from mode-locked lasers. In femtosecond mode-locked lasers, the concentration of a large number of photons in an extremely short pulse duration enables the scaling of timing jitter into the attosecond regime. To characterize such jitter levels, we developed new attosecond-resolution measurement techniques and show that standard fiber lasers can achieve sub-fs high-frequency jitter. By leveraging the ultralow jitter of free-running mode-locked lasers, we pursued highprecision optical-optical and optical-microwave synchronization techniques. Optical signals spanning 1.5 octaves were synthesized by attosecond-precision timing and phase synchronization of two independent mode-locked lasers. High-stability microwave signals were also synthesized from mode-locked lasers with drift-free sub-10-fs precision. We further demonstrated the attosecond-precision distribution of optical pulse trains to remote locations via timing-stabilized fiber links. Finally, the application of optical pulse trains for high-resolution sampling and analog-to-digital conversion is discussed.The ultra-low timing jitter of optical pulse trains from femtosecond mode-locked lasers can be used for the attosecond-precision generation, distribution, measurement, and synchronization of optical and microwave signals.

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“…(b) shows the noise spectrum of our T-ray system with balanced PDs. The noise spectrum shows an 1=f noise characteristic typical of ultrafast laserdriven experiments [48][49][50][51].The benefit of double modulation is highlighted by the two lines at 100 Hz and 3 kHz. The noise level at 3 kHz and above is more than an order of magnitude less than the noise at 100 Hz and below.…”

Section: Proposed Solution: Differential Thz-tdsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Double modulated differential THz-TDS for thin film dielectric characterization

Mickan

Lee

et al. 2002

Microelectronics Journal

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Terahertz differential time-domain spectroscopy (DTDS) is a new technique that uses pulsed terahertz radiation to characterize the optical properties of thin dielectric films. Characterizing thin films in the GHz to THz range is critical for the development of new technologies in integrated circuitry, photonic systems and micro-electro-mechanical systems. There are potential applications for gene and protein chips. This paper shows how DTDS can be combined with double modulation in the pump-probe system to improve sensitivity by an order of magnitude. An iterative algorithm is presented to estimate the optical properties of a given thin film. The technique is experimentally verified using 1-mm-thick samples of silicon dioxide on silicon. q

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Noise of mode-locked lasers

Cited by 457 publications

References 22 publications

Ultrashort-pulse fiber ring lasers

Ultrashort-pulse fiber ring lasers

Attosecond‐precision ultrafast photonics

Double modulated differential THz-TDS for thin film dielectric characterization

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