Noise Masked Thresholds as a Function of Tonal Duration and Masking Noise Band Width

Hamilton, Paul M.

doi:10.1121/1.1918003

Cited by 17 publications

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“…The authors interpreted these data as supporting the conclusions of Garner (1947) and Hamilton (1957) regarding the effects of the spread of energy at short signal durations as well as those of Garner andMiller (1945, 1947) regarding the decreased efficiency of the integration of acoustic power by the auditory system at long signal durations. In addition, the data of Blodgett, et al (1958) like those of Garner andMiller (1945, 1947) and Garner (1947) indicated a middle range of durations, 15 msec to 50 msec, over which the integration of signal power by the auditory system was nearly complete.…”

Section: •supporting

confidence: 68%

“…Using a procedure similar to that employed by Fletcher (1940), Hamilton (1957 investigated the effect of various combinations of signal duration and masker bandwidth on the detection of tone bursts by human observers. Those conditions in which the masker was a broad-band noise were similar to the detection situations investigated by Garner andMiller (1945, 1947).…”

Section: •mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of stimulus bandwidth and type of masker presentation on the function relating detection performance to signal duration

Miller

Dolan

1974

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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It has been shown that, when a narrow-bandpass filter is employed with a pulsed masker, signal detectability in the homophasic condition increases monotonically as signal duration decreases. In addition, pulsing the masker has been found to result in a decrement in antiphasic detection performance. The present study was designed to examine the effect of the interaction of stimulus bandwidth and type of masker presentation on the function relating detection performance to signal duration in homophasic and antiphasic conditions. Two interaural phase relations, N0S0 (homophasic) and N0Sπ (antiphasic), two types of masker presentation (continuous and pulsed), two bandpass filters (50 Hz and 200 Hz), and seven signal durations (5, 10, 20, 100, 500, and 1000 msec) were employed. The results of this study indicate that the changes in homophasic detection performance at short signal durations can be explained through consideration of the interaction of signal bandwidth with the assumed internal bandwidth of the auditory system and/or the bandwidth of the external filter employed. The masking-level difference, or MLD, obtained with the pulsed masker varied as the duration of the signal varied, while that obtained with the continuous masker was relatively constant over the entire range of signal durations.

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Section: •supporting

confidence: 68%

Section: •mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of stimulus bandwidth and type of masker presentation on the function relating detection performance to signal duration

Miller

Dolan

1974

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…If the channel behaves in the same way as a critical band, then the threshold of a signal within that channel should be determined by the ratio between the signal power and the noise power (masker) passing through the channel (Fletcher, 1940;Miller, 1947;Hamilton, 1957;Green and Swets, 1966;Patterson, 1974Patterson, , 1976. We assumed that this ratio is constant at detection threshold.…”

Section: Threshold Versus Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical band filter in touch

1995

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Separate mechanoreceptor systems in humans were isolated by varying the spectra of vibrotactile stimuli. First, the function relating threshold to frequency of a sinusoid was obtained on the fingertip for each of four subjects, and it was found to comprise two limbs: a Pacinian and a non-Pacinian limb. The peak sensitivity within the Pacinian limb (mediated by Pacinian corpuscles) was around 250 Hz and spanned the region from 65 to 400 Hz. The non-Pacinian limb showed no detectable change in sensitivity in the region between 10 and 65 Hz. These two limbs were then treated as psychophysical channels in experiments in which narrow band noise and individual sinusoids were used to excite one or both channels. In the second and third experiments, the noise stimuli varied in bandwidth from 8 to 70 Hz and varied in center frequency from 25 to 218 Hz. Masking functions were obtained for ON-frequency conditions (the sinusoidal test and noise masker occupied the same frequency region) and for OFF-frequency conditions (the test and masker occupied different frequency regions). The ON-frequency experiments were used to estimate the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the Pacinian channel at threshold. The OFF-frequency masking experiments were used to infer the shape of the Pacinian channel at frequencies below 65 Hz, where thresholds for Pacinian activation were above detection threshold. The results of these three experiments predicted the findings of a fourth masking experiment with a parameter free model that treated the Pacinian channel as a filter that integrates stimulus power. The results show that the Pacinian channel is analogous to a critical band in the auditory system.

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“…The first assumption is too simple-the effe~tive bandwidth of the internal filter clearly depends on task requirements (Penner, 1972). The second assumption is false -critical bandwidth apparently increases as duration decreases (Hamilton, 1957). However.…”

Section: Notesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and recognition of intensity changes in tone and noise: The detection-recognition disparity

Macmillan

1973

Perception & Psychophysics

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Recognition of increments vs decrements in auditory intensity improves with signal duration, relative to detection of increments and decrements. This effect obtains whether the background stimulus is a tone, noise, or a tone with noise masker, and is largely uninfluenced by the rise time of the signals. These data are inconsistent with detection models in which the 0 makes only one sensory observation during each observation interval, but can be described in terms of a neural timing model in which transients playa critical role.The problems of detection (distinguishing a signal from the absence of a signal) and recognition (distinguishing signals from each other) are frequently investigated in similar paradigms and explained by similar theories (Luce , 1963: Tanner, 1956). Yet basic facts concerning the relation" between the two are not well established. For example, it is not clear whether signals must always be recognized in order to be detected. Shipley (1965) argues from the results of her simultaneous detection and recognition experiment that this is true, but Lindner's (1968) data from a similar experiment do not support such a hypothesis.Macmillan (1971) presented evidence of a different sort that the detection of signals was not completely dependent on their recognition. At short durations (less than about 100 msec), as' ability to recognize whether a small increment or decrement in a pure tone background had been presented was comparable to their ability to detect those signals. At longer durations, their recognition performance exceeded their detection performance by approximately the amount predicted by a signal detection theory model in which the sensory effects due to the three signals (decrement, no change, and increment) are assumed to lie upon a single decision axis. This effect of duration on recognition, relative to detection, will be referred to as the "detection-recognition disparity."The interpretation of these data suggested by Macmillan was as follows: In addition to an integrative detector (ID), which accumulates information about the stimulus over time and offers an identification of the signal, the a also has a change detector (CD), which 65operates on signal onsets (and perhaps offsets). and thus does not integrate over time, and which only conveys information about the presence or absence of a signal. not about its identity. Both mechanisms combine in an unspecified manner to yield detection performance. but in recognition experiments only the ID is useful. In detection experiments, the CD will be relatively more important at short durations. where the ID is less reliable, so recognition performance will increase relative to detection as duration increases. i.e.. the detection-recognition disparity wiJI obtain. A model of this sort differs from most existing models of detection in proposing that detection (1) is in part nonintegrative , (2) is in part nonidentifying. and (3) involves more than one process.The positing of more than one process is perhaps the most serious departure fro...

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Noise Masked Thresholds as a Function of Tonal Duration and Masking Noise Band Width

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of stimulus bandwidth and type of masker presentation on the function relating detection performance to signal duration

Effect of stimulus bandwidth and type of masker presentation on the function relating detection performance to signal duration

A critical band filter in touch

Detection and recognition of intensity changes in tone and noise: The detection-recognition disparity

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