Noise Intensity-Intensity Correlations and the Fourth Cumulant of Photo-assisted Shot Noise

Forgues, Jean-Charles; Sane, Fatou Bintou; Blanchard, Simon; Spietz, Lafe; Lupien, Christian; Reulet, Bertrand

doi:10.1038/srep02869

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…We expect future application of our expressions in quantum optics, transport theory, quantum information science, and measurement theory in general. Future extensions of our theory may include cumulant expressions for the simultaneous measurement of more than one observable or the description of noise of coherently driven systems 11,65 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher-order moments, cumulants, and spectra of continuous quantum noise measurements

Hägele

Schefczik

2018

Phys. Rev. B

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We present general quantum mechanical expressions for higher order moments, cumulants, and spectra of continuously measured quantum systems with applications in spin noise spectroscopy, quantum transport, and measurement theory in general. Starting from the so-called stochastic master equation of continuous measurement theory, we find that the leading orders of the fluctuating detector output z(t) with respect to the measurement strength β are a white shot noise background, a constant measurement offset, and the leading order quantum noise of the measured operator A. Starting from quantum expressions for the multi-time moments z(tn) · · · z(t1) we derive three-and four-time cumulants that are valid in all orders of β covering the full regime between the weak and strong measurement limit (Zeno-limit). Intriguingly, quantum expressions for the cumulants were found that exhibit the same simple structure as those for the moments after introduction of only a slightly modified system propagator. Very compact expressions for the cumulant-based third and fourth order spectra (bispectrum and trispectrum) follow naturally. We illustrate the usefulness of higher order spectra by treating a real world two-spin system with strong hyperfine interaction. Moreover, spin noise spectroscopy is shown to have the potential for investigating the transition from weak measurements to the famous quantum Zeno regime for realistic probe laser intensities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher-order moments, cumulants, and spectra of continuous quantum noise measurements

Hägele

Schefczik

2018

Phys. Rev. B

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“…Î (f 1 )Î(f 2 ) = 0, if f 1 ± f 2 = nf 0 with n integer [10][11][12]. This is responsible for the existence of correlated power fluctuations [13] and for the emission of photon pairs [14] recently observed. For f 1 = f 2 , Î 2 (f 1 ) = 0 leads to vacuum squeezing [15,16].…”

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confidence: 94%

Experimental Violation of Bell-like Inequalities By Electronic Shot Noise

2015

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We report measurements of the correlations between electromagnetic field quadratures at two frequencies f1=7 GHz and f1=7.5 GHz of the radiation emitted by a tunnel junction placed at very low temperature and excited at frequency f1+f2. We demonstrate the existence of two-mode squeezing and violation of a Bell-like inequality, thereby proving the existence of entanglement in the quantum shot noise radiated by the tunnel junction.

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“…In addition, α n ≡ J n eVac hf0 , where the J n are Bessel funtions of the first kind, f n± ≡ f + nf 0 ± eV dc /h, and R is the resistance of the tunnel junction. With the same notations, the fourth cumulant C 4 is[8,24]…”

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confidence: 99%

Photon-pair shot noise in electron shot noise

et al. 2017

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There exists a fascinating dual representation of the electric ac current flowing through a normal conductor. On the one hand, it can be understood in terms of charge transport. On the other hand, it consists in an electomagnetic field guided by conducting structures embedded in an insulator. The former point of view, in its quantum version, is particularly adapted to describe the electron shot noise in a coherent conductor, like a tunnel junction at ultra-low temperature. However, when the junction is appropriately biased by a dc and an ac voltage, the noise it generates is best analyzed using the latter representation and the tools of quantum optics, as the radiation exhibits clear signs of non-classicality. Herein, we report the measurement of the statistics of photons emitted by such a tunnel junction. We observe a photon shot noise characteristic of photon pair emission, as its Fano factor for small signal is above unity. The theory of electron shot noise, dealing exclusively with the tunneling of charges through the junction, quantitatively fits the data from which photon shot noise is extracted. This experiment thus provides a clear link between the dual representations.

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Noise Intensity-Intensity Correlations and the Fourth Cumulant of Photo-assisted Shot Noise

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Higher-order moments, cumulants, and spectra of continuous quantum noise measurements

Higher-order moments, cumulants, and spectra of continuous quantum noise measurements

Experimental Violation of Bell-like Inequalities By Electronic Shot Noise

Photon-pair shot noise in electron shot noise

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