Noise in the Animal Shelter Environment: Building Design and the Effects of Daily Noise Exposure

Factors determining the effects of human interaction on the cortisol levels of shelter dogs

“…In Experiment 1, there was no lasting effect on cortisol concentrations 24h after one or two 30-min interaction sessions, and in Experiment 2 the reduction did not persist even 1h following a 15-or 30-min session. In contrast, Coppola et al (2006) found that 30-90 min of interaction on the second day in the shelter reduced cortisol levels the following day. That study differed from the present one in a number of ways that may account for the discrepancy in results.…”

“…Whereas the current study focused on petting, we and others have incorporated play, training, walking, providing treats, and mere passive presence of a human in procedures that effectively reduced cortisol elevations (Coppola et al, 2006;Menor-Campos et al, 2011;Shiverdecker et al, 2013). In a recent review of procedures at eight European shelters, taking a dog for a walk was associated not only with lower levels of stereotypic and displacement behaviors, but also with a much greater level of antioxidant capacity (Cafazzo et al, 2014).…”

“…Coppola et al (2006) showed that 30-90 min of playing, grooming, training, and walking on the second day in the shelter significantly reduced the dog's salivary cortisol response to shelter housing on the following day. Menor-Campos et al (2011) found that 25 min of human interaction in the form of exercise and training on the seventh and ninth day following entrance to the shelter significantly reduced salivary cortisol levels at the end of the sessions.…”

An Evaluation of Respondent Conditioning Procedures to Decrease Barking in an Animal Shelter

“…In addition, excessive noise can cause both psychological and physical stress on subjects in animal shelter. (Coppola, Enns, & Grandin, 2006). Due to this increased stress, it is possible that animals may engage in higher levels of problem behavior (Dreschel & Granger, 2005), which may decrease their chances of adoption.…”

Investigation of the long term effects of chronic white noise stress on learning in radial arm maze and behaviors in forced swim test

“…With rapid industrialization in modern society, noise has become an important stressor that threatens health of humans and welfare of animals (6,7,16). Although many studies investigated the effects of exposure to different stressors during the prenatal and postnatal periods of life (3,10,21), there are only limited research on the effects of noise stress.…”