Noise Exposure, Characterization, and Comparison of Three Football Stadiums

Engard, Derek J.; Sandfort, Delvin R.; Gotshall, Robert W.; Brazile, William J.

doi:10.1080/15459624.2010.510107

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Even though results of the personal dosimetry indicated no legal implications, enrollment of workers in a hearing conservation program was recommended to both participating venues, since 50% of all workers sampled between the two venues exceeded the ACGIH criteria. The study conducted by Engard et al (5) in outdoor sporting arenas found that 96% of workers sampled were exposed to noise levels exceeding the ACGIH criteria, and 39% exceeded the OSHA action limit. Researchers also highlighted that 96% of fans sampled exceeded the ACGIH TLV compared with the workers who were overexposed to ACGIH criteria in the present study of 40 and 57%, and the fans at 33 and 91%, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One dosimeter per subject was clipped to the subject's belt, and the microphone was attached to the shirt as close to the hearing zone as possible. Dosimetry was conducted with guidance from Berger et al, (5) the OSHA Technical Manual, (6) and ACGIH TLVs. (7) …”

Section: Personal Noise Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To ensure accuracy, the SLM/OBA was pre-and post-calibrated according to manufacturer specifications before and after all sampling events. All area monitoring was conducted with guidance from Berger et al, (5) the OSHA Technical Manual, (6) and ACGIH TLVs. (7) …”

Section: Area Noise Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occupational and Recreational Noise Exposure from Indoor Arena Hockey Games

Cranston

Brazile

Sandfort

et al. 2013

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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Occupational and recreational noise exposures were evaluated at two sporting arenas hosting collegiate hockey games (Venue 1) and semi-professional hockey (Venue 2). A total of 54 personal noise dosimetry samples were taken over the course of seven home hockey games: 15 workers and 9 fans at Venue 1, and 19 workers and 11 fans at Venue 2. None of the sampled workers were overexposed to noise based on Occupational Safety and Health Administration criteria. However, 40% and 57% of workers at Venue 1 and 33% and 91% of fans at Venue 2 were overexposed based on ACGIH noise exposure criteria. Noise exposures for fans were significantly different between venues, but worker noise exposures between venues were not significantly different. In addition, extensive area noise monitoring was conducted at each venue to further characterize the stadium noise on a location-by-location basis. Mean equivalent sound pressure levels ranged from 81 to 96 dBA at Venue 1 and from 85 to 97 dBA at Venue 2. Mean noise peak levels ranged from 105 to 124 dBA at Venue 1, and from 110 to 117 dBA at Venue 2. These data reflect the potential for overexposure at indoor hockey events and are useful in characterizing occupational noise exposure of indoor arena support staff and may also provide a foundation for future noise control research in indoor sports arenas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Personal Noise Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occupational and Recreational Noise Exposure from Indoor Arena Hockey Games

Cranston

Brazile

Sandfort

et al. 2013

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…However, we found no statistically reliable differences in thresholds as a consequence of these activities. Sports events sound levels have been reported to reach or exceed 90 dBA, although the literature is not extensive (Hodgetts & Liu, 2006; Engard et al, 2010). We similarly failed to find any statistically reliable relationship between threshold and sporting event attendance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended High-Frequency Thresholds in College Students: Effects of Music Player Use and Other Recreational Noise

Prell¹,

Spankovich²,

Lobariñas³

et al. 2013

J Am Acad Audiol

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Background Human hearing is sensitive to sounds from as low as 20 Hz to as high as 20,000 Hz in normal ears. However, clinical tests of human hearing rarely include extended high frequency (EHF) threshold assessments, at frequencies extending beyond 8,000 Hz. EHF thresholds have been suggested for use monitoring the earliest effects of noise on the inner ear, although the clinical utility of EHF threshold testing is not well established for this purpose. Purpose The primary objective of this study was to determine if EHF thresholds in healthy, young adult college students vary as a function of recreational noise exposure. Research Design A retrospective analysis of a laboratory database was conducted; all participants with both EHF threshold testing and noise history data were included. The potential for “pre-clinical” EHF deficits was assessed based on the measured thresholds, with the noise surveys used to estimate recreational noise exposure. Study Sample EHF thresholds measured during participation in other ongoing studies were available from 87 subjects (34 male and 53 female); all participants had hearing within normal clinical limits (≤25 HL) at conventional frequencies (0.25 to 8 kHz). Results EHF thresholds closely matched standard reference thresholds [ANSI S3.6 (1996) Annex C]. There were statistically reliable threshold differences in subjects that used music players, with 3–6 dB worse thresholds at the highest test frequencies (10–16 kHz) in participants that reported long-term music player device use (longer than 5 years), or higher listening levels during music player use. Conclusions It should be possible to detect small changes in high frequency hearing for patients/participants that undergo repeat testing at periodic intervals. However, the increased population-level variability in thresholds at the highest frequencies will make it difficult to identify the presence of small but potentially important deficits in otherwise normal hearing individuals that do not have previously established baseline data.

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“…[1,2] Some loud recreational environments include concerts, [3][4][5][6] nightclubs/discotheques, [7][8][9][10][11] and sporting events. [12,13] Identifi cation of sound levels that are hazardous could prompt listeners to reduce the sound level, increase their distance from the sound source, or limit time in the noisy location if these solutions are within an individual's control. Alternatively, listeners can choose to use hearing protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sound level measurements using smartphone "apps": Useful or inaccurate?

2014

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Many recreational activities are accompanied by loud concurrent sounds and decisions regarding the hearing hazards associated with these activities depend on accurate sound measurements. Sound level meters (SLMs) are designed for this purpose, but these are technical instruments that are not typically available in recreational settings and require training to use properly. Mobile technology has made such sound level measurements more feasible for even inexperienced users. Here, we assessed the accuracy of sound level measurements made using five mobile phone applications or "apps" on an Apple iPhone 4S, one of the most widely used mobile phones. Accuracy was assessed by comparing application-based measurements to measurements made using a calibrated SLM. Whereas most apps erred by reporting higher sound levels, one application measured levels within 5 dB of a calibrated SLM across all frequencies tested.

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Noise Exposure, Characterization, and Comparison of Three Football Stadiums

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Occupational and Recreational Noise Exposure from Indoor Arena Hockey Games

Occupational and Recreational Noise Exposure from Indoor Arena Hockey Games

Extended High-Frequency Thresholds in College Students: Effects of Music Player Use and Other Recreational Noise

Sound level measurements using smartphone "apps": Useful or inaccurate?

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