Function
convergence of gas sensing and neuromorphic computing
is attracting much research attention due to the promising potential
in electronic olfactory, artificial intelligence, and internet of
everything systems. However, the current neuromorphic gas-sensing
systems are either realized via integration of gas detectors and neuromorphic
devices or operating with three-terminal synaptic transistors at high
voltages, leading to a rather high system complexity or power consumption.
Herein, gas-modulated synaptic diodes with lateral structures are
developed to converge sensing, processing, and storage functions into
a single device. The lateral synaptic diode is based on a p–n
junction of an organic semiconductor (OSC) and amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O,
in which the upper OSC layer can directly interact with the gas molecules
in the atmosphere. Typical synaptic behaviors triggered by ammonia,
including inhibitory postsynaptic current and paired-pulse depression,
are successfully demonstrated. Meanwhile, a low power consumption
of 6.3 pJ per synaptic event has been achieved, which benefits from
the simple device structure, the decent chemosensitivity of the OSC,
and the low operation voltage. A simulated ammonia analysis in human
exhaled breath is further conducted to explore the practical application
of the synaptic diode. Therefore, this work provides a gas-modulated
synaptic diode for circuit-compact and power-efficient artificial
olfactory systems.