Noise benefit in prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex

Pålsson, Erik; Söderlund, Göran; Klamer, Daniel; Bergquist, Filip

doi:10.1007/s00213-010-2074-6

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 67 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…From this it can possibly be concluded that the higher the task demands are the more appropriate dopamine levels are required for a high performance [48]. Although noise is not found to increase dopamine levels per se, it looks like external noise in the nervous system acts in a similar fashion as dopamine release [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…Alternatively it is possible that their performance deteriorates because they just find the noise annoying and distracting. This possibility needs to be investigated in future research using human and animal models, directly measuring known neural and physiological markers of arousal in experiments employing manipulations of alternative factors (event rate or stimulant medication) known to change energetic levels [49], [51]–[62].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Different Effects of Adding White Noise on Cognitive Performance of Sub-, Normal and Super-Attentive School Children

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectivesNoise often has detrimental effects on performance. However, because of the phenomenon of stochastic resonance (SR), auditory white noise (WN) can alter the “signal to noise” ratio and improve performance. The Moderate Brain Arousal (MBA) model postulates different levels of internal “neural noise” in individuals with different attentional capacities. This in turn determines the particular WN level most beneficial in each individual case–with one level of WN facilitating poor attenders but hindering super-attentive children. The objective of the present study is to find out if added WN affects cognitive performance differently in children that differ in attention ability.MethodsParticipants were teacher-rated super- (N = 25); normal- (N = 29) and sub-attentive (N = 36) children (aged 8 to 10 years). Two non-executive function (EF) tasks (a verbal episodic recall task and a delayed verbal recognition task) and two EF tasks (a visuo-spatial working memory test and a Go-NoGo task) were performed under three WN levels. The non-WN condition was only used to control for potential differences in background noise in the group testing situations.ResultsThere were different effects of WN on performance in the three groups-adding moderate WN worsened the performance of super-attentive children for both task types and improved EF performance in sub-attentive children. The normal-attentive children’s performance was unaffected by WN exposure. The shift from moderate to high levels of WN had little further effect on performance in any group.SignificanceThe predicted differential effect of WN on performance was confirmed. However, the failure to find evidence for an inverted U function challenges current theories. Alternative explanations are discussed. We propose that WN therapy should be further investigated as a possible non-pharmacological treatment for inattention.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Effects of Adding White Noise on Cognitive Performance of Sub-, Normal and Super-Attentive School Children

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex refers to the reduction in the magnitude of the startle reflex when a loud startling stimulus (termed the “pulse”) is preceded by a quieter nonstartling stimulus (termed a “prepulse”) at short stimulus onset asynchronies [69], and represents an operational measure of sensorimotor gating [70], [71]. However, other studies have been shown that PPI is not a completely automatic process; it occurs involuntarily but can be modulated by controlled attentional processes and has been used as a tool for investigating attention [72], [73].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Enrichment Preceding Early Adulthood Methylphenidate Treatment Leads to Long Term Increase of Corticosterone and Testosterone in the Rat

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADD/ADHD) has been emerging as a world-wide psychiatric disorder. There appears to be an increasing rate of stimulant drug abuse, specifically methylphenidate (MPH) which is the most common treatment for ADHD, among individuals who do not meet the criteria for ADHD and particularly for cognitive enhancement among university students. However, the long term effects of exposure to MPH are unknown. Thus, in light of a developmental approach in humans, we aimed to test the effects of adolescence exposure to enriched environment (EE) followed by MPH administration during early adulthood, on reactions to stress in adulthood. Specifically, at approximate adolescence [post natal days (PND) 30–60] rats were reared in EE and were treated with MPH during early adulthood (PND 60–90). Adult (PND 90–92) rats were exposed to mild stress and starting at PND 110, the behavioral and endocrine effects of the combined drug and environmental conditions were assessed. Following adolescence EE, long term exposure to MPH led to decreased locomotor activity and increased sucrose preference. EE had a beneficial effect on PPI (attentive abilities), which was impaired by long term exposure to MPH. Finally, the interaction between EE and, exposure to MPH led to long-term elevated corticosterone and testosterone levels. In view of the marked increase in MPH consumption over the past decade, vigilance is crucial in order to prevent potential drug abuse and its long term detrimental consequences.

show abstract

“…Although acoustic noise is not found to increase dopamine levels per se , it looks like external noise in the nervous system acts in a similar fashion as dopamine release, indicated by findings from a rat model of ADHD (Pålsson et al, 2011). As further support for the SR view a recent study showed neurophysiological effects on EEG/ERP of noise exposure during a GoNogo task where the P300 signal increased in the children that did benefit from noise (Baijot et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Comparing Auditory Noise Treatment with Stimulant Medication on Cognitive Task Performance in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Results from a Pilot Study

Söderlund¹,

Björk

Gustafsson

2016

Front. Psychol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Recent research has shown that acoustic white noise (80 dB) can improve task performance in people with attention deficits and/or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This is attributed to the phenomenon of stochastic resonance in which a certain amount of noise can improve performance in a brain that is not working at its optimum. We compare here the effect of noise exposure with the effect of stimulant medication on cognitive task performance in ADHD. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of auditory noise exposure with stimulant medication for ADHD children on a cognitive test battery. A group of typically developed children (TDC) took the same tests as a comparison.Methods: Twenty children with ADHD of combined or inattentive subtypes and twenty TDC matched for age and gender performed three different tests (word recall, spanboard and n-back task) during exposure to white noise (80 dB) and in a silent condition. The ADHD children were tested with and without central stimulant medication.Results: In the spanboard- and the word recall tasks, but not in the 2-back task, white noise exposure led to significant improvements for both non-medicated and medicated ADHD children. No significant effects of medication were found on any of the three tasks.Conclusion: This pilot study shows that exposure to white noise resulted in a task improvement that was larger than the one with stimulant medication thus opening up the possibility of using auditory noise as an alternative, non-pharmacological treatment of cognitive ADHD symptoms.

show abstract

Noise benefit in prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex

Cited by 12 publications

References 67 publications

Different Effects of Adding White Noise on Cognitive Performance of Sub-, Normal and Super-Attentive School Children

Different Effects of Adding White Noise on Cognitive Performance of Sub-, Normal and Super-Attentive School Children

Environmental Enrichment Preceding Early Adulthood Methylphenidate Treatment Leads to Long Term Increase of Corticosterone and Testosterone in the Rat

Comparing Auditory Noise Treatment with Stimulant Medication on Cognitive Task Performance in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Results from a Pilot Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About