Noise‐Adaptive Sensor Network for Vehicle Tracking in the Desert

Internode Distance-Based Redundancy Reliable Transport in Underwater Sensor Networks

“…In this section, we offer a simple case to show the initial idea about how to apply ARRTP to topology management. In this case study, a typical topology is used [30]. Figure 13(a) illustrates the generalized network topology.…”

“…Figure 13(c) illustrates a representative grid topology of 9 nodes in a UWSN. The node indices indicate the order in which nodes are placed in the grid coverage area [30]. Within the grid topology, nodes self-organize into a triangular lattice, as shown in Figure 13(c).…”

“…for each scheme i = {1, 2, 3}. Assuming d = d/ √ 2 in Figure 4, the numerical results for hop-by-hop transmission are shown in Figure 5 by using (26) and (30). The parameters are the same as in the noncooperative scenario except that the required source level SL is lowe; that is, 127 dB is enough to achieve our reliability definition.…”

Ultra-narrowband communications : a feasibility study for the 2.4 gHz band

“…Most IoT applications and services, such as wild-fire detection, electricity metering, livestock tracking, and dam health monitoring, are preferred to be physically deployed using wireless connectivity with a low-power budget and minimum network infrastructure [10,13]. Therefore, as a response to such demands, researchers and engineers have developed algorithms, modulations, and media-access control (MAC) protocols to improve the performance of WSNs in terms of cost, range, and power consumption.…”

“…All WSN applications can be grouped into one of the following four categories: detection, metering, tracking, or monitoring [10,13]. The majority of such applications in LPWANs is characterized by latency tolerance, low throughput, and low cost [20,29,30], for which UNB 1 is an attractive solution according to Figure 1.4.…”