Noether’s Theorem as a Metaphor for Chargaff’s 2nd Parity Rule in Genomics

Almirantis, Yannis; Provata, A.; Li, Wentian

doi:10.1007/s00239-022-10062-4

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In another biological application, Noether's theory was recently used in a comparison of DNA sequences of different animal phyla [42].…”

Section: Appendix2 Noether's Theory In Hox Gene Collinearitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multiple Roles of Temporal Collinearity in Hox Gene Clustering for Vertebrates, Invertebrates, Complete and Split Hox Clusters

Papageorgiou

2023

Preprint

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Hox gene clusters are crucial in Embryogenesis. It was observed that some Hox genes are located in order along the telomeric to centromeric direction of the DNA sequence: Hox1, Hox2, Hox3…. These genes are expressed in the same order in the ontogenetic units of the Drosophila embryo along the Anterior-Posterior axis. The two entities (genome and embryo) differ significantly in linear size and in-between distance. This strange phenomenon was named Spatial Collinearity (SP). Later, it was observed that, particularly in the Vertebrates, a Temporal Collinearity (TC) coexists: first is Hox1 expressed, later Hox2 and even later Hox3,…,. According to a Biophysical Model (BM), pulling forces act at the anterior end of the cluster while a cluster fastening applies at the posterior end. Hox clusters are irreversibly elongated along the force direction. During Evolution, the elongated Hox clusters are broken at variable lengths thus split clusters may be created. An Empirical Rule was formulated distinguishing development due to a complete Hox cluster from development due to split Hox clusters. BM can ‘explain’ this Empirical Rule. In a spontaneous mutation where the cluster fastening is dismantled, a minimal pulling force can automatically shift the cluster inside the Hox activation domain. This cluster translocation can probably explain the absence of Temporal Collinearity in Drosophila.

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“…In another biological application, Noether's theory was recently used in a comparison of DNA sequences of different animal phyla [42].…”

Section: Appendix2 Noether's Theory In Hox Gene Collinearitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multiple Roles of Temporal Collinearity in Hox Gene Clustering for Vertebrates, Invertebrates, Complete and Split Hox Clusters

Papageorgiou

2023

Preprint

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show abstract

“…In another biological application, Noether's theory was recently used in a comparison of DNA sequences of different animal phyla [25].…”

Section: Noether's Theory In Developmental Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hox Gene Collinearity with Pulling Physical Forces Creates a Hox Gene Clustering in Embryos of Vertebrates and Invertebrates: Complete or Split Clusters

Papageorgiou

2024

Symmetry

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Hox gene clusters are crucial in embryogenesis. It was observed that some Hox genes are located in order along the telomeric to centromeric direction of the DNA sequence: Hox1, Hox2, Hox3…. These genes are expressed in the same order in the ontogenetic units of the Drosophila embryo along the anterior–posterior axis. The two entities (genome and embryo) differ significantly in linear size and in-between distance. This strange phenomenon was named spatial collinearity (SP). Later, it was observed that, particularly in the vertebrates, a temporal collinearity (TC) coexists: first Hox1 is expressed, later Hox2, and later on Hox3…. According to a biophysical model (BM), pulling forces act at the anterior end of the cluster while a cluster fastening applies at the posterior end. Hox clusters are irreversibly elongated along the force direction. During evolution, the elongated Hox clusters are broken at variable lengths, thus split clusters may be created. An empirical rule was formulated, distinguishing development due to a complete Hox cluster from development due to split Hox clusters. BM can explain this empirical rule. In a spontaneous mutation, where the cluster fastening is dismantled, a weak pulling force automatically shifts the cluster inside the Hox activation domain. This cluster translocation can probably explain the absence of temporal collinearity in Drosophila.

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“…In another biological application, Noether's theory was recently used in a comparison of DNA sequences of different animal phylla [38] . where Q1 and Q2 are the electric charges (positive or negative) and R the distance between Q1 and Q2.…”

Section: Appendix a Appendix A1 Symmetry In Natural Sciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model That Reproduces an Empirical Rule Distinguishing the Developmental Path of Complete Hox Gene Clusters From Split Clusters

Papageorgiou¹

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hox gene clusters are crucial in Embryogenesis. It was observed that some Hox genes were located in order along the telomeric to centromeric direction of the DNA sequence: Hox1, Hox2, Hox3…. These genes were expressed in the same order in the ontogenetic units of the Drosophila embryo along the Anterior-Posterior axis. The two entities (genome and embryo) differ significantly in linear size and in-between distance. This strange phenomenon was named Spatial Collinearity (SP). Later, it was observed that, particularly in the Vertebrates, a Temporal Collinearity (TC) coexists: first is Hox1 expressed, later Hox2 and even later Hox3,…,. Hox clusters are irreversibly elongated along the force direction. According to a Biophysical Model (BM), pulling forces act at the anterior end of the cluster while a cluster fastening applies at the posterior end. During Evolution, the elongated Hox clusters are broken at variable lengths thus split clusters may be created. An Empirical Rule was formulated distinguishing development due to a complete Hox cluster from development due to split Hox clusters. BM can explain this Empirical Rule. In an accidental mutation where the cluster fastening is dismantled, a minimal pulling force can automatically shift the cluster inside the Hox activation domain. This cluster translocation can probably explain the absence of temporal collinearity in Drosophila.

show abstract

Noether’s Theorem as a Metaphor for Chargaff’s 2nd Parity Rule in Genomics

Cited by 5 publications

References 32 publications

The Multiple Roles of Temporal Collinearity in Hox Gene Clustering for Vertebrates, Invertebrates, Complete and Split Hox Clusters

The Multiple Roles of Temporal Collinearity in Hox Gene Clustering for Vertebrates, Invertebrates, Complete and Split Hox Clusters

Hox Gene Collinearity with Pulling Physical Forces Creates a Hox Gene Clustering in Embryos of Vertebrates and Invertebrates: Complete or Split Clusters

A Model That Reproduces an Empirical Rule Distinguishing the Developmental Path of Complete Hox Gene Clusters From Split Clusters

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