Nodulation: An unexplored cellular defense mechanism in insects

Satyavathi, Valluri V.; Minz, Asha; Nagaraju, Javaregowda

doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.02.024

Cited by 85 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 104 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The innate immune system responds to parasites by encapsulation, where hemocytes bind to the surface of the parasite and surround it with a multicellular capsule (reviewed in Satyavathi et al, 2014). This capsule is melanized, similar to nodulation, via activation of the proPO cascade Thompson, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of the insect immune system to three different immune challenges

Charles

Killian

2015

Journal of Insect Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of the insect immune system to three different immune challenges

Charles

Killian

2015

Journal of Insect Physiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The G. mellonella immune response consists of two tightly interconnected components, the cell-mediated and humoral responses. The insect cell-mediated response is mediated by haemocytes and involves phagocytosis, encapsulation and clotting (Browne et al, 2013;Satyavathi et al, 2014). The humoral response involves soluble effector molecules such as antimicrobial peptides, complement-like proteins, melanin and products created by proteolytic cascades [e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galleria mellonella is an effective model to study Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is responsible for swine pleuropneumonia, a respiratory disease that causes significant global economic loss. Its virulence depends on many factors, such as capsular polysaccharides, RTX toxins and iron-acquisition systems. Analysis of virulence may require easy-to-use models that approximate mammalian infection and avoid ethical issues. Here, we investigate the potential use of the wax moth Galleria mellonella as an informative model for A. pleuropneumoniae infection. Genotypically distinct A. pleuropneumoniae clinical isolates were able to kill larvae at 37 6C but had different LD 50 values, ranging from 10 4 to 10 7 c.f.u. per larva.The most virulent isolate (1022) was able to persist and replicate within the insect, while the least virulent (780) was rapidly cleared. We observed a decrease in haemocyte concentration, aggregation and DNA damage post-infection with isolate 1022. Melanization points around bacterial cells were observed in the fat body and pericardial tissues of infected G. mellonella, indicating vigorous cell and humoral immune responses close to the larval dorsal vessel. As found in pigs, an A. pleuropneumoniae hfq mutant was significantly attenuated for infection in the G. mellonella model. Additionally, the model could be used to assess the effectiveness of several antimicrobial agents against A. pleuropneumoniae in vivo. G. mellonella is a suitable inexpensive alternative infection model that can be used to study the virulence of A. pleuropneumoniae, as well as assess the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents against this pathogen.

show abstract

“…Despite progress made in understanding the complexity of cellular immune responses like phagocytosis (Stuart and Ezekowitz, 2008), our knowledge of the nodulation response still remains limited (Satyavathi et al, 2014). Our group previously identified an immune protein, Noduler, from the cDNA library of bacteria-challenged A. mylitta fat body and reported its upregulation upon bacterial infection (Gandhe et al, 2006;Gandhe et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%