Nodular hematopoiesis of the liver diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration cytology

Abstract

A case of tumor-like extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH

Fine needle aspiration of an axillary lymph node in a patient suspected of having metastatic cancer of unknown primary

“…It is most commonly associated with myelofibrosis and other conditions in which there is a disruption of normal haemopoiesis in the bone marrow. It is also seen as a result of haemolytic anaemias such as hereditary spherocytosis, thalassaemia and sickle cell disease 5,7 . EMH occurs most frequently in the spleen, liver and lymph nodes, however it has also been described in the thyroid, endometrium, central nervous system, subcutaneous tissue, pleura, retroperitoneum, mediastinum, breast and kidney 1–7,9,10,13–21 .…”

“…Fine‐needle aspiration can be a useful method in providing an initial characterization of the lesion. Cytological findings of tumour‐like EMH in a variety of sites have been reported 1–5,9–14 . The cytological appearance of EMH consists of a tri‐lineage population of precursor haemopoietic cells, including megakaryocytes, erythrocytes and granulocytes.…”

“…It most commonly occurs in the liver, spleen and lymph nodes; however a variety of other sites can be involved 3,4 . EMH normally occurs as a result of a disturbance in bone marrow haematopoiesis or in cases of haemolytic anaemia 5,6 . EMH is most commonly associated with congenital haemolytic anaemias, but can be seen in conditions such as leukaemia, myeloproliferative disorders and myelofibrosis 2,6 .…”

“…Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a safe, relatively non‐invasive technique often used to diagnose neoplasms and inflammatory diseases 5 . The cytological appearance of EMH obtained via FNA has been reported in the literature 1–5,9–14 . However, the cytological diagnosis of acute leukaemia/chloroma in the background of EMH in a patient with polycythaemia vera by FNA is highly uncommon.…”

Mass-forming extramedullary hematopoiesis diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology

“…[2][3][4][5][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][20][21][22][23][24] EMH also has been associated with drug therapies such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. 25 Rarely, it occurs unassociated with a hematologic disorder and has been reported in unusual settings such as myocardial infarction.…”