Node-Gosper Curve-Based Unknown Sensor Localization Using Single Mobile Anchor in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

The node-Gosper curve is a fractal space-filling curve constructed by recursively replacing each node by a seven-segment generator curve. Here, we propose a novel scheme for describing the path of a node-Gosper curve; the scheme can be used to calculate the coordinates of each turning point of the curve efficiently. The node-Gosper curve serves as a routing path for a single mobile anchor to help unknown sensors locate themselves in the wireless sensor network. In our proposed localization method, the mobile anchor travels along the node-Gosper curve, which covers the entire sensing field, and when it reaches the turning points of the node-Gosper curve, it broadcasts its current location to unknown sensors within a preset communication range. Each unknown sensor estimates its location when it receives at least three messages from the mobile anchor from different locations. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms several well-known mobile anchor localization methods in terms of localization accuracy and energy consumption.

Node-Gosper Island-Based Data Collection Method with Recharge Plan for Rechargeable Wireless Sensor Networks

“…Figure 1 shows level-1 to level-3 node-Gopser islands, respectively, with their corresponding node-Gosper curves. Recently, the node-Gosper curve has been successfully applied to solve the mobile anchor localization problems of WSNs [3]. In the literature, a variety of hexagonal addressing methods for identifying hexagons in a hexagonal tessellated plane are described.…”

A Novel Data Collection Method with Recharge Plan for Rechargeable Wireless Sensor Networks

“…Therefore, in this study, the rule of generating a higher level Gosper curve was changed to replace the vertices rather than the segments of the current level curve with the level-1 Gosper curve. In contrast to the traditional definition of a Gosper curve, this new Gosper curve is called a node-Gosper curve [2,3]. Originally, the Gosper curve was mainly applied in the design of communication antennas, as in [7,8], and occasionally in visual image processing, as in [9].…”

“…Originally, the Gosper curve was mainly applied in the design of communication antennas, as in [7,8], and occasionally in visual image processing, as in [9]. Recently, the node-Gosper curve has been successfully applied to solve the mobile anchor localization problems of WSNs [3].…”

“…In the literature, a variety of hexagonal addressing methods for identifying hexagons in a hexagonal tessellated plane are described. In the present study, I used two addressing methods, namely, the ring-based addressing scheme and base-7 addressing scheme, described in [3], both of which are suitable for addressing the hexagons in a node-Gosper island.…”

“…The resultant filled space is a node-Gosper island [2,3]. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows.…”