NOD-Like Receptors: Role in Innate Immunity and Inflammatory Disease

Chen, Grace; Shaw, Michael H.; Kim, Yun Gi; Núñez, Gabriel

doi:10.1146/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092239

Cited by 647 publications

(560 citation statements)

References 172 publications

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“…TLR2 receptors, while acting as sensors for extracellular cues or the endocytic network, drive signaling events in response to recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, including mycobacterial antigens like ESAT-6, PE_PGRS antigens; NOD1 and NOD2 operate as cytosolic sensors initiating signaling pathways upon recognition of diaminopimelic acid and muramyl dipeptide (MDP), components of bacterial peptidoglycan (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Although TLR2 or NOD receptor-induced signaling events culminate in activation and nuclear translocation of NF-B, transcriptome profiles in response to TLR2 or NOD receptors could markedly diverge.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative Regulation of NOTCH1 Protein-Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) Signaling by NOD1, NOD2, and TLR2 Receptors Renders Enhanced Refractoriness to Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β)- or Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4)-mediated Impairment of Human Dendritic Cell Maturation

Ghorpade

Kaveri

Bayry

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Dendritic cells (DCs) as sentinels of the immune system are important for eliciting both primary and secondary immune responses to a plethora of microbial pathogens. Cooperative stimulation of a complex set of pattern-recognition receptors, including TLR2 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors on DCs, acts as a rate-limiting factor in determining the initiation and mounting of the robust immune response. It underscores the need for "decoding" these multiple receptor interactions. In this study, we demonstrate that TLR2 and NOD receptors cooperatively regulate functional maturation of human DCs. Intriguingly, synergistic stimulation of TLR2 and NOD receptors renders enhanced refractoriness to TGF-␤-or CTLA-4-mediated impairment of human DC maturation. Signaling perturbation data suggest that NOTCH1-PI3K signaling dynamics assume critical importance in TLR2-and NOD receptor-mediated surmounting of CTLA-4-and TGF-␤-suppressed maturation of human DCs. Interestingly, the NOTCH1-PI3K signaling axis holds the capacity to regulate DC functions by virtue of PKC␦-MAPK-dependent activation of NF-B. This study provides mechanistic and functional insights into TLR2-and NOD receptor-mediated regulation of DC functions and unravels NOTCH1-PI3K as a signaling cohort for TLR2 and NOD receptors. These findings serve in building a conceptual foundation for the design of improved strategies for adjuvants and immunotherapies against infectious diseases.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative Regulation of NOTCH1 Protein-Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) Signaling by NOD1, NOD2, and TLR2 Receptors Renders Enhanced Refractoriness to Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β)- or Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4)-mediated Impairment of Human Dendritic Cell Maturation

Ghorpade

Kaveri

Bayry

et al. 2011

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…This signaling induces proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and inflammasome components, all of which facilitate effector responses (1,2). A second family of receptors, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like like receptors (NLRs), reside in the cytosol and are activated in response to either microbial ligands that gain access to the cytosol or virulence factors, such as bacterial toxins (3,4).…”

Section: Immunologymentioning

confidence: 99%

IRAK-1 bypasses priming and directly links TLRs to rapid NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Lin

Troutman

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

232

205

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Significance Toll-like receptors recognize conserved molecules that are expressed by both harmless (commensal) and harmful (virulent) microbes. Another set of receptors, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), are expressed in the cytosol and recognize virulence factors and toxins from pathogenic microbes. Previous studies on TLRs and NLRs have suggested that TLR signaling primes the NLR inflammasome pathway. Here we discovered that TLRs, via the signaling molecule IL-1 receptor-associated kinase, directly regulate activation of a specific NLR, nucleotide binding and oligomerization, leucine-rich repeat, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3). This is important because when infection occurs, the virulent/pathogenic microorganisms activate both of these receptors. We also found that simultaneous activation of TLRs and NLRP3 is important for rapid innate immune response by the host.

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“…Mutations in NOD1 and NOD2 leading to loss or gain of function are associated with autoimmune and inflammatory diseases (19,(45)(46)(47)(48)(49). We previously reported that the NOD2 mutation associated with severe Crohn's disease (3020C) results in enhanced HCMV replication in vitro (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) and its variants in human cytomegalovirus control in vitro and in vivo

Fan

Roy

Mukhopadhyay

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Induction of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) and downstream receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is known to up-regulate antiviral responses and suppress virus replication. We investigated the role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), which also signals through RIPK2, in HCMV control. NOD1 activation by Tri-DAP (NOD1 agonist) suppressed HCMV and induced IFN-β. Mouse CMV was also inhibited through NOD1 activation. NOD1 knockdown (KD) or inhibition of its activity with small molecule ML130 enhanced HCMV replication in vitro. NOD1 mutations displayed differential effects on HCMV replication and antiviral responses. In cells overexpressing the E56K mutation in the caspase activation and recruitment domain, virus replication was enhanced, but in cells overexpressing the E266K mutation in the nucleotidebinding domain or the wild-type NOD1, HCMV was inhibited, changes that correlated with IFN-β expression. The interaction of NOD1 and RIPK2 determined the outcome of virus replication, as evidenced by enhanced virus growth in NOD1 E56K mutant cells (which failed to interact with RIPK2). NOD1 activities were executed through IFN-β, given that IFN-β KD reduced the inhibitory effect of Tri-DAP on HCMV. Signaling through NOD1 resulting in HCMV suppression was IKKα-dependent and correlated with nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of IRF3. Finally, NOD1 polymorphisms were significantly associated with the risk of HCMV infection in women who were infected with HCMV during participation in a glycoprotein B vaccine trial. Collectively, our data indicate a role for NOD1 in HCMV control via RIPK2-IKKα-IRF3 and suggest that its polymorphisms predict the risk of infection.H uman cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a member of the herpesvirus family, induces complex innate immune responses (1, 2). Despite this effective and multifaceted induction, HCMV has developed strategies to counteract its recognition (3), allowing for its productive replication and the establishment of latency. Identification and characterization of HCMV-induced innate immune responses and resulting signaling pathways may provide novel strategies for its control.Mounting evidence indicates that HCMV sensing is an intricate process involving activities of membrane, cytoplasmic, and nuclear receptors. Several HCMV-encoded proteins directly activate innate immune response molecules; the glycoprotein B (gB) binds to and activates TLR2 (4), and pp65 interacts with IFI16 (5). Other viral proteins, dsDNA, or dsRNA are likely to activate or inhibit host innate response molecules. Several previous reports have highlighted a complex role of the IFN pathway in response to HCMV. The activity of the promyeolcytic leukemia protein, a regulator of type I IFN response, is counteracted by HCMV-encoded immediate early 1 protein (IE1) (6). A cytoplasmic dsDNA sensor, ZBP1, activates IRF3 on infection, and its overexpression inhibits HCMV replication (7). IFN-inducible protein IFI16 modestly in...

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NOD-Like Receptors: Role in Innate Immunity and Inflammatory Disease

Cited by 647 publications

References 172 publications

Cooperative Regulation of NOTCH1 Protein-Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) Signaling by NOD1, NOD2, and TLR2 Receptors Renders Enhanced Refractoriness to Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β)- or Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4)-mediated Impairment of Human Dendritic Cell Maturation

Cooperative Regulation of NOTCH1 Protein-Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) Signaling by NOD1, NOD2, and TLR2 Receptors Renders Enhanced Refractoriness to Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β)- or Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4)-mediated Impairment of Human Dendritic Cell Maturation

IRAK-1 bypasses priming and directly links TLRs to rapid NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) and its variants in human cytomegalovirus control in vitro and in vivo

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