Nocturnin: at the crossroads of clocks and metabolism

Stubblefield, Jeremy J.; Terrien, Jérémy; Green, Carla B.

doi:10.1016/j.tem.2012.03.007

Cited by 62 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Among the 94 identified regions, a fragment on chromosome 19 is largest and extends over 1.6 Mb (P < 0.01). Within this fragment, the F ST value peak (chr19.6599631, F ST = 0.84) was located about 6 kb downstream from CCRN4L, a gene regulating the circadian clock with maximal level in early evening, which has also been implicated in lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, glucose homeostasis, inflammation, and osteogenesis (review see [Stubblefield et al 2012]). Archeological and genetic evidence suggests that the dog was domesticated 16,000 or more years ago (Clutton-Brock 1995; Sablin and Khlopachev 2002;Pang et al 2009).…”

Section: Candidate Regions Under Artificial Selection In Native Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Selection on Brain-Expressed Genes during the Domestication of Dog

vonHoldt

Reynolds

et al. 2013

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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Domesticated dogs have many unique behaviors not found in gray wolves that have augmented their interaction and communication with humans. The genetic basis of such unique behaviors in dogs remains poorly understood. We found that genes within regions highly differentiated between outbred Chinese native dogs (CNs) and wolves show high bias for expression localized to brain tissues, particularly the prefrontal cortex, a specific region responsible for complex cognitive behaviors. In contrast, candidate genes showing high population differentiation between CNs and German Shepherd dogs (GSs) did not demonstrate significant expression bias. These observations indicate that these candidate genes highly expressed in the brain have rapidly evolved. This rapid evolution was probably driven by artificial selection during the primary transition from wolves to ancient dogs and was consistent with the evolution of dog-specific characteristics, such as behavior transformation, for thousands of years.

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Section: Candidate Regions Under Artificial Selection In Native Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Selection on Brain-Expressed Genes during the Domestication of Dog

vonHoldt

Reynolds

et al. 2013

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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“…Accordingly, we found that lipid absorption in the wild-type mice was strongly circadian, with rapid appearance of newly ingested lipoprotein particles into the circulation when the mice were gavaged with olive oil at night, but slow and limited appearance when olive oil was administered during the day. In contrast, the NocÀ/À mice had no rhythm in absorption and exhibited slow "daytime-like" absorption profiles following gavage given both night and day (Douris et al 2011;Stubblefield et al 2012). Furthermore, the enterocytes in the NocÀ/À mice accumulated large cytoplasmic lipid droplets, suggesting that dietary lipids were stored in these cells when Nocturnin was not present-at all times in the NocÀ/À cells or during the daytime in wild-type mice.…”

Section: Loss Of Nocturnin Results In Broad Metabolic Changesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Circadian Post-transcriptional Control of Metabolism

Green

2016

Research and Perspectives in Endocrine Interactions

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Circadian clocks control thousands of genes, which ultimately generate rhythms in signaling pathways, metabolism, tissue physiology and behavior. Although rhythmic transcription plays a critical role in generating these rhythmic gene expression patterns, recent evidence has shown that post-transcriptional mechanisms are also important. Here we describe studies showing that regulation of mRNA poly(A) tail length is under circadian control and that these changes contribute to rhythmic protein expression independently of transcription. Nocturnin, a circadian deadenylase that shortens poly(A) tails, contributes to this type of circadian post-transcriptional regulation. The importance of tail-shortening by Nocturnin is evident from the phenotype of mice lacking Nocturnin, which exhibit resistance to diet-induced obesity and other metabolic changes.

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“…Nocturnin was identifi ed as a RNA transcript that shows signifi cant circadian expression in the early part of the night in the retina of Xenopus ( 84,85 ). Nocturnin is an exoRNase that deadenylates mRNA with specifi city toward poly(A) nucleotides.…”

Section: Nocturninmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian regulators of intestinal lipid absorption

Hussain

Pan

2015

Journal of Lipid Research

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Journal of Lipid Research Volume 56, 2015 761(MTP), to transport dietary and endogenous lipids, respectively ( 7-9 ). Therefore, it is possible that a major reason for the circadian regulation of plasma triglyceride depends on their assembly and secretion by the intestine and the liver. Circadian rhythms are centrally orchestrated by a set of clock genes expressed in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the brain. These genes are also expressed in other cells and their expression is entrained by various stimuli emanating from the SCN. Additionally, they are regulated by external stimuli such as food availability. Several intestinal functions, including lipid absorption, show diurnal variations. We will briefl y introduce clock genes and their regulation and intestinal lipid absorption, and then discuss three proteins that have been shown to be involved in the diurnal regulation of lipid absorption ( Fig. 1 ). LIGHT AND FOOD ENTRAINMENT OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMSConstant periodicity of sunrise and sunset affects every organism. Some wake up with the sunrise while others go to sleep. However, wakefulness is always associated with physical activity aimed at gathering food. In contrast, sleep is associated with low locomotor activity and fasting. The information about the sunlight is transmitted from the eye via retino-hypothalamic neurons to bilateral SCN in the brain ( 10-12 ). These photic signals are deciphered in the SCN resulting in the increased expression of a clock gene, brain and muscle arylhydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator ( Several behavioral and physiologic activities show circadian rhythms that are attuned to changes in light within a 24 h day. Plasma triacylglycerols exhibit diurnal variations in humans and rodents ( 1-6 ). Due to their hydrophobic nature, these lipids are transported in the plasma as major core constituents of apoB-containing lipoproteins. These lipoproteins are assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi of enterocytes and hepatocytes with the assistance of a dedicated chaperone, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein Abbreviations: ARNT, arylhydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator; Bmal1, brain and muscle ARNT -like protein 1; Clock, circadian locomotor output cycles kaput; CREBH, cAMP responsive element-binding protein H; Cry, cryptochrome; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; HNF, hepatic nuclear factor; MTP, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; Per, period; PGC1 ␣ , PPAR ␥ coactivator 1-␣ ; Rev-erb ␣ , reverse erythroblastosis virus ␣ ; Ror ␣ , retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor ␣ ; SCN, suprachiasmatic nuclei; Shp, small heterodimer partner .

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Nocturnin: at the crossroads of clocks and metabolism

Cited by 62 publications

References 69 publications

Artificial Selection on Brain-Expressed Genes during the Domestication of Dog

Artificial Selection on Brain-Expressed Genes during the Domestication of Dog

Circadian Post-transcriptional Control of Metabolism

Circadian regulators of intestinal lipid absorption

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