Nocturnal ghrelin, ACTH, GH and cortisol secretion after sleep deprivation in humans

Schüssler, P.; Uhr, M.; Ising, Marcus; Weikel, J.; Schmid, Dagmar; Held, K.; Mathias, Stefan; Steiger, Axel

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2006.05.002

Cited by 79 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…We also observed inverse relationships between SWS and feelings of hunger, measured using a visual analog scale, as well as cortisol levels and STAI state scores, used to measure mood, 46,51 while all positive associations with the amount of REM sleep were observed. Regarding SWS, these findings are in concordance to studies using extreme forms of sleep deprivation, which show increased feelings of hunger, 8,16,17 increased ghrelin levels 7,8,15 and increased cortisol levels 21,29 and suggests that subjects were hungrier and more stressed when SWS was relatively short. The positive association between cortisol levels and REM sleep, is complementary to results by van Cauter et al, 35 who observed an inverse relationship between nadir cortisol levels and REM sleep, which suggests a blunted hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis response that has been related to obesity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Distinct associations between energy balance and the sleep characteristics slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep

et al. 2012

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Distinct associations between energy balance and the sleep characteristics slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep F Rutters, HK Gonnissen, R Hursel, SG Lemmens, EA Martens and MS Westerterp-Plantenga Context: Epidemiologically, an inverse relationship between body mass index (BMI) and sleep duration is observed. Intra-individual variance in the amount of slow wave sleep (SWS) or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep has been related to variance of metabolic and endocrine parameters, which are risk factors for the disturbance of energy balance (EB). Objective: To investigate inter-individual relationships between EB (EB ¼ |energy intake --energy expenditure|, MJ/24 h), SWS or REM sleep, and relevant parameters in normal-weight men during two 48 h stays in the controlled environment of a respiration chamber. Subjects and methods: A total of 16 men (age 23 ± 3.7 years, BMI 23.9 ± 1.9 kg m À2 ) stayed in the respiration chamber twice for 48 h to assure EB. Electroencephalography was used to monitor sleep (2330 --0730 hrs). Hunger and fullness were scored by visual analog scales; mood was determined by State Trait Anxiety Index-state and food reward by liking and wanting. Baseline blood and salivary samples were collected before breakfast. Subjects were fed in EB, except for the last dinner, when energy intake was ad libitum. Results: The subjects slept on average 441.8±49 min per night, and showed high within-subject reliability for the amount of SWS and REM sleep. Linear regression analyses showed that EB was inversely related to the amount of SWS (r ¼ À0.43, Po0.03), and positively related to the amount of REM sleep (r ¼ 0.40, Po0.05). Relevant parameters such as hunger, reward, stress and orexigenic hormone concentrations were related to overeating, as well as to the amount of SWS and REM sleep, however, after inclusion of these parameters in a multiple regression, the amount of SWS and REM sleep did not add to the explained variance of EB, which suggests that due to their individual associations, these EB parameters are mediator variables. Conclusion: A positive EB due to overeating, was explained by a smaller amount of SWS and higher amount of REM sleep, mediated by hunger, fullness, State Trait Anxiety Index-state scores, glucose/insulin ratio, and ghrelin and cortisol concentrations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Distinct associations between energy balance and the sleep characteristics slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep

et al. 2012

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“…It also remains to be shown whether the lack of GH peak in the sleep-deprived subjects might be compensated simply by an increase in the daily release of the hormone. Such considerations are justified by the findings indicating that during the rebound sleep, the GH release peak appeared earlier and achieved a higher level than the values obtained for the controls [89].…”

Section: Dermal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…This would partially explain the increased energy expenditure [86]. In humans, a 24-hour sleep deprivation induced a high rate of ACTH secretion between 3 a.m. and 5 a.m. on the following night, while under normal conditions, the ACTH level shows a slight linear increase [89]. 24-hour hour wakefulness resulted in a slight increase in plasma cortisol level, while plasma aldosterone concentration and renin activity decreased and their release peaks were absent [90].…”

Section: Dermal Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consequences of sleep deprivation

Orzeł-Gryglewska¹

2010

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

206

132

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This paper presents the history of research and the results of recent studies on the effects of sleep deprivation in animals and humans. Humans can bear several days of continuous sleeplessness, experiencing deterioration in wellbeing and effectiveness; however, also a shorter reduction in the sleep time may lead to deteriorated functioning. Sleeplessness accounts for impaired perception, difficulties in keeping concentration, vision disturbances, slower reactions, as well as the appearance of microepisodes of sleep during wakefulness which lead to lower capabilities and efficiency of task performance and to increased number of errors. Sleep deprivation results in poor memorizing, schematic thinking, which yields wrong decisions, and emotional disturbances such as deteriorated interpersonal responses and increased aggressiveness. The symptoms are accompanied by brain tissue hypometabolism, particularly in the thalamus, prefrontal, frontal and occipital cortex and motor speech centres. Sleep deficiency intensifies muscle tonus and coexisting tremor, speech performance becomes monotonous and unclear, and sensitivity to pain is higher. Sleeplessness also relates to the changes in the immune response and the pattern of hormonal secretion, of the growth hormone in particular. The risk of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease increases. The impairment of performance which is caused by 20-25 hours of sleeplessness is comparable to that after ethanol intoxication at the level of 0.10% blood alcohol concentration. The consequences of chronic sleep reduction or a shallow sleep repeated for several days tend to accumulate and resemble the effects of acute sleep deprivation lasting several dozen hours. At work, such effects hinder proper performance of many essential tasks and in extreme situations (machine operation or vehicle driving), sleep loss may be hazardous to the worker and his/her environment.

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“…While some publications found no difference in serum ghrelin in patients with major depressive disorders (Emul et al, 2007, Kluge et al, 2009, there is one report indicating higher serum ghrelin both in patients with major depressive episodes and in those with bipolar disordermanic episodes . Furthermore, some authors suggest that psychopathological improvement of major depression is associated with a significant decrease in serum ghrelin , Emul et al, 2007 whereas data obtained with sleep deprivation suggest that the beneficial effects of chronotherapeutic interventions in depression may be mediated by an increase of ghrelin (Schussler et al, 2006, Treuer, 2007. However even though the data concerning the relationship between ghrelin and psychiatric disorders appears conflicting, taken together, these studies in humans and rodents suggest that both short and long term stimulation of the central ghrelin signalling system is likely to be involved in the regulation of mood.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Central administration of ghrelin alters emotional responses in rats: behavioural, electrophysiological and molecular evidence

et al. 2011

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Nocturnal ghrelin, ACTH, GH and cortisol secretion after sleep deprivation in humans

Cited by 79 publications

References 33 publications

Distinct associations between energy balance and the sleep characteristics slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep

Distinct associations between energy balance and the sleep characteristics slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep

Consequences of sleep deprivation

Central administration of ghrelin alters emotional responses in rats: behavioural, electrophysiological and molecular evidence

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