Nocturnal Electrographic Features of Frequently Changing-Irregular Sleep-Wakefulness Rhythms

Taub, John M.

doi:10.3109/00207458108985838

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Finally, the subjects employed in the present study were young adult students. Although the questionnaire results indicated that they were normal sleepers, the sleep habits of this population may be more variable than older adults (Taub, 1981). It is possible that they may have deeper sleep and thus higher arousal thresholds than older adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Event‐related potential measures of the disruptive effects of trains of auditory stimuli during waking and sleeping states

Campbell

Michaud

Keith

et al. 2005

Journal of Sleep Research

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SUMMAR Y Acoustic backup alarms have been reported to particularly disrupt sleep. The present study simulated backup alarms by presenting trains of five consecutive 500 ms duration audible tones, with the time between the onset of each tone being 1 s and the time between trains (offset to onset) between 15 and 20 s. In different conditions, the tones were set at either 80 or 60 dB sound pressure level (SPL). Twelve young adults spent two consecutive nights in the laboratory. Stimuli were presented only on the second night. Measures of traditional sleep architecture (sleep stages) were not affected by the acoustic trains. Event-related potentials were also measured following presentation of the stimuli. In the waking state, the initial 80 dB stimulus elicited a large amplitude N1, peaking at about 100 ms, followed by a positive peak, P3, peaking at about 325 ms. N1 was attenuated following presentation of the 60 dB stimulus. The amplitude of N1 was much reduced following presentation of the subsequent second to fifth stimuli in the train. During non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, the initial 80 dB stimulus elicited a large and later negativity (N350) that was reduced in amplitude for the 60 dB stimulus. A K-Complex (a composite N350 and a much larger N550) was elicited following 35% of the initial 80 dB tones and 12% of the initial 60 dB tones. The amplitude of N550 did not, however, significantly vary as a function of stimulus SPL. During REM sleep, N1 continued to be elicited by the initial louder stimulus, but the later positive wave was not apparent. A late negativity peaking at about 350 ms was, however, apparent. When queried the next morning, subjects rarely indicated that the stimulus presentations disturbed their sleep. This might be because of the absence of the late positivity. The presence of the long latency negativities (N350 and N550) might serve to protect sleep from obtrusive sound during sleep.k e y w o r d s backup acoustic alarm, construction noise, sleep disturbance, sleep, EEG

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Event‐related potential measures of the disruptive effects of trains of auditory stimuli during waking and sleeping states

Campbell

Michaud

Keith

et al. 2005

Journal of Sleep Research

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“…Elevated sleep IIV has important implications for health and well-being as well. Early cross-sectional studies indicated individuals with highly variable sleep-wake schedules had poorer sleep architecture, physiological arousal, psychomotor performance and subjective mood states compared with individuals with more regular sleep schedules (Taub, 1978(Taub, , 1981. Nightly fluctuations in sleep have also been shown to impact daily fluctuations in mood states, cognitive function and physical health complaints (McCrae et al, 2008;Totterdell et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise effects on night‐to‐night fluctuations in self‐rated sleep among older adults with sleep complaints

Buman

Hekler

Bliwise

et al. 2011

Journal of Sleep Research

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SUMMARY Sleep interventions have rarely explored reductions in night-to-night fluctuations [i.e. intra-individual variability (IIV)] in sleep, despite the negative impacts of such fluctuations on affective states and cognitive and physical symptoms. In a communitybased randomized controlled trial we evaluated whether physical exercise reduced IIV in self-rated sleep outcomes among middle-aged and older adults with sleep complaints. Under-active adults 55 years and older (n = 66, 67% women) with mild to moderate sleep complaints were randomized to 12 months of a moderate-intensity endurance exercise (n = 36) or a health education control group (n = 30). Daily sleep logs, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and in-home polysomnographic sleep recordings (PSG) were collected at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. Sleep log-derived means and IIV were computed for sleep-onset latency (SOL), time in bed, feeling rested in the morning, number of nighttime awakenings, and wake after final awakening (WAFA). Using intent-to-treat methods, at 6 months no differences in IIV were observed by group. At 12 months, SOL-based IIV was reduced in the exercise group compared with the control (difference = 23.11, 95% CI: 3.04-47.18, P = 0.025, CohenÕs d = 0.57). This change occurred without mean-level or IIV changes in sleep-wake schedules. For all sleep variables, except SOL and WAFA, IIV changes and mean-level changes in each variable were negatively correlated (r = )0.312 to )0.691, P < 0.05). Sleep logderived IIV changes were modestly correlated with mean-level PSQI and PSG-based changes at 12 months. Twelve months of moderate-intensity exercise reduced night-tonight fluctuations in self-rated time to fall asleep, and this relationship was independent of mean-level time to fall asleep.

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“…It is also conceivable that EEC-sleep latencies were relatively short in mildly depressed young adult patients (compared with the value [8=65.0 min] reported by Gillin et al [I9811 for 15-24 year old depressed populations) due to an advance of a circadian sleepiness-alertness rhythm (see, e.g., Akerstedt Czeisler, Weitzman, Moore-Ede, Zimmerman, & Knauer, 1980;Wehr, Wirz-Justice, Goodwin, Duncan, & Gillin, 1979). Because of the imposed clock time for retiring it is probable that the process of falling asleep became phase-delayed (Czeisler, Richardson, Coleman, Zimmerman, Moore-Ede, Dement, & Weitzman, 1981;Taub, 1981) in the severely, compared with mildly, depressed patients as indicated by more initial wakefulness (51.0 vs 13.0 min., p=0.02) before sleep onset stage 1 finally ensued. Recent evidence indicates that sleep cycle phase shifts offers a viable nonpharmacological treatment for either bipolar affective disease: advances (Wehr et a/., 1979); or in what first appeared to be an intractable biological rhythm disturbance whereby falling asleep at night before 3.00 a.m. and remaining alert or awake during conventional hours proved impossible (Czeisler et a]., 1981).…”

Section: Int J Neurosci Downloaded From Informahealthcarecom By Univmentioning

confidence: 87%

Individual Variations in the Sleep of Depression

Taub

1984

International Journal of Neuroscience

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Variations in the intensity or severity of affective disorders were evaluated relative to perturbations in nocturnal sleep physiology. Individual variations in polygraphic features of the sleep cycle based upon psychopathologic scale ratings were investigated in two constituencies (Ns = 6) for 8 hr during 1-3 consecutive nights. The constituencies consisted of twelve young adult (18-25 years) nonpsychotic unipolar depressed psychiatric patients with a primary affective illness and an age-matched normal healthy control group (N = 8). The severely versus mildly depressed patient subgroups scored significantly higher on the Hamilton, Beck and Zung psychopathologic rating scales, indicating a larger magnitude of depressive symptomatology. The average value for total time asleep was 6.1 hr in severely versus 7.8 hr among the mildly depressed patients and controls. EEG-sleep of the severely versus mildly depressed patients and controls contained significantly less stages 2 and 3. Although total time asleep was almost identical in the mildly depressed constituency compared with controls, patients accumulated significantly more of stages 2 and 3. Both patient subgroups exhibited a significantly shorter REM latency than controls. REM latency was reduced to a significantly lower level in the severely versus mildly depressed patients. A significant decrease of REM cycle duration occurred in the polygraphic sleep recordings of severely depressed patients compared with the age-matched controls. The shortened REM latencies indicate a disinhibition of neural processes that would normally delay appearance of the initial REM episodes during nocturnal sleep. The present study generally extends and confirms finding on nocturnal EEG-sleep disturbances in depression associated with the severity of affective illness, particularly the disrupted REM cycle and shorter REM latency.

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Nocturnal Electrographic Features of Frequently Changing-Irregular Sleep-Wakefulness Rhythms

Cited by 6 publications

References 51 publications

Event‐related potential measures of the disruptive effects of trains of auditory stimuli during waking and sleeping states

Event‐related potential measures of the disruptive effects of trains of auditory stimuli during waking and sleeping states

Exercise effects on night‐to‐night fluctuations in self‐rated sleep among older adults with sleep complaints

Individual Variations in the Sleep of Depression

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