“…Evidence has shown that the root-associated actinobacteria contribute to plant growth promotion ( Dutta & Thakur, 2020 ), and plant stress alleviation ( Esmaeil Zade, Sadeghi & Moradi, 2018 ; Selim et al, 2019 ), through diverse mechanisms such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis, siderophore production, and phosphate solubilization. Studies have investigated the impact of actinobacteria on plant growth promotion and seed germination rate improvement ( Zamoum et al, 2015 ; Allali et al, 2019 ; Borah & Thakur, 2020 ). Also, actinobacteria ability to mitigate the negative impact of abiotic stress on the growth and physiology of crops, such as wheat ( Yandigeri et al., 2012 ; Li et al, 2019 ), maize ( Warrad et al, 2020 ), tomato ( Abbasi, Sadeghi & Safaie, 2020 ) has been investigated.…”