NO way to live; the various roles of nitric oxide in plant–pathogen interactions

Mur, Luis A. J.; Carver, T. L. W.; Prats, Elena

doi:10.1093/jxb/erj052

Cited by 202 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 140 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

132

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Sedlářová et al 2011) and fungi (Tada et al 2004;Prats et al 2005;Piterková et al 2009). NO is vital for initiation and development of a hypersensitive response in plants, modification of gene expression and synthesis of PR (pathogenesis related) proteins (Wendehenne et al 2004;Zeier et al 2004;Mur et al 2006;Zaninotto et al 2006).…”

Section: Involvement and Activity Of Antioxidant Enzymes In Plant Sysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cross-talk of signalling pathways of ROS and RNS and plant hormones has been widely characterized in important procesess like auxin-induced development of lateral roots or ABA-dependent regulation of stomatal closure. Downstream effectors (second messengers which act downstream to activation of cell membrane receptors, whereas activators of cell membrane receptors act upstream of the production of second messengers) of ROSand RNS-dependent signalling include modification of ion channel permeability, changes in cytosolic calcium level and activation of MAP kinase cascades and transcription factors (Leitner et al 2009;Mur et al 2006). The interaction of ROS and RNS with cellular components results in a wide array of chemical modification which can strongly affect biological activities of the target molecules.…”

Section: Signalling Pathways Of Ros Rns and Plant Hormones And Theirmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Resistance mechanisms of wild tomato germplasm to infection of Oidium neolycopersici

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tomato powdery mildew (Oidium neolycopersici) is one of the most devastating diseases of cultivated tomatoes worldwide. Although the first epidemics were recorded more than 25 years ago many aspects of this host-pathogen interaction are still not well understood. Detailed morphological and molecular studies of the anamorphs confirmed that O. neolycopersici is phylogeneticaly close to Erysiphe aquilegiae var. ranunculi. Host range is rather broad, apart from Solanaceae hosts were found in the families Apocynaceae, Campanulaceae, Crassulaceae, Cistaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Linaceae, Malvaceae, Papaveraceae, Pedialiaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Valerianaceae a Violaceae. Non-host resistance within these families is not based on inhibition of formation of primary haustorium, however, on post-haustorial hypersensitive reponse and another type of non-hypersensitive resistance. Screening of wild Solanum species (previous Lycopersicon spp.) germplasm revealed valuable sources of resistance (S. habrochaites, S. pennellii, S. cheesmaniae, S. chilense, S. peruvianum). The main resistance mechanism was found to be a hypersensitive response (HR), in some cases followed by limited development of the pathogen. However, there is a broad variation in resistance response on the histological and cytological level. Interaction between many wild Solanum spp. and O. neolycopersici is race-specific, at least three races were differentiated. In some interspecific crosses (S. lycopersicum × S. habrochaites) adult plant resistance was observed. Biochemical studies focusing on production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxidase activity during infection of O. neolycopersici showed that production of ROS and activity of corresponding enzymes is related to activation of defence responses in genotypes of wild Solanum sect. Lycopersicon. The significance of nitric oxide (NO) in O. neolycopersici pathogenesis was supported by experiments with NO donors and scavengers. In moderately resistant genotype S. chmielewskii, treatment by heat stress caused slight deceleration of pathogen development, increased production of jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) and increased peroxidase activity in infected plants. The different degree of tomato resistance/ susceptibility did not markedly change the rate and extent of photosynthetic response to O. neolycopersici; only minimal impairment of photosynthesis was found in both susceptible and moderately resistant genotypes during the Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire TF10 8NB, UK first 9 days after inoculation. The accumulated evidence confirm a crucial role of localised increased production of ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in response to pathogen penetration into plant tissue and its involvement in the plant resistance responses including the initiation and progression of plant cell death in host wild Solanum species. Crucial points of further research are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Involvement and Activity Of Antioxidant Enzymes In Plant Sysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Signalling Pathways Of Ros Rns and Plant Hormones And Theirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance mechanisms of wild tomato germplasm to infection of Oidium neolycopersici

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In animals, release of cytochrome C from mitochondria during apoptosis activates a caspasesignaling cascade that selectively cleaves and activates vital substrates in the cell, including the nucleases responsible for DNA degradation (Ueda et al, 2002). In plants, both H 2 O 2 and NO cause the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria and a caspase-like signaling cascade has also been identified during HR cell death (Mur et al, 2006). It is known that NO and H 2 O 2 can also chemically react to produce singlet oxygen or hydroxyl radicals and that these species can cause cell death.…”

Section: No-ros Cooperation During the Hrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross Talk between Reactive Nitrogen and Oxygen Species during the Hypersensitive Disease Resistance Response

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Remarkably, there is evidence for shared elements in the signaling pathways in the hypersensitive response to pathogens and those in response to drought or saline exposure (de Torres-Zabala et al, 2007;Mur et al, 2006;Pandey et al, 2004). A predictive understanding of these systems in the models and crops is probably still some way off, but has the potential to be extremely useful for risk assessment efforts concerning the stress responses of crop relatives in natural settings.…”

Section: Evaluating the Potential For Ecological Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Fitness and beyond: Preparing for the arrival of GM crops with ecologically important novel characters

Wilkinson

Tepfer

2009

Environ. Biosafety Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The seemingly inexorable expansion of global human population size, significant increases in the use of biofuel crops and the growing pressures of multifunctional land-use have intensified the need to improve crop productivity. The widespread cultivation of high-yielding genetically modified (GM) crops could help to address these problems, although in doing so, steps must also be taken to ensure that any gene flow from these crops to wild or weedy recipients does not cause significant ecological harm. It is partly for this reason that new GM cultivars are invariably subjected to strict regulatory evaluation in order to assess the risks that each may pose to the environment. Regulatory bodies vary in their approach to decision-making, although all require access to large quantities of detailed information. Such an exhaustive case-by-case approach has been made tractable by the comparative simplicity of the portfolio of GM crops currently on the market, with four crops and two classes of traits accounting for almost all of the area under cultivation of GM crops. This simplified situation will change shortly, and will seriously complicate and potentially slow the evaluation process. Nowhere will the increased diversity of GM crops cause more difficulty to regulators than in those cases where there is a need to assess whether the transgene(s) will enhance fitness in a non-transgenic relative and thereafter cause ecological harm. Current practice to test this risk hypothesis focuses on attempting to detect increased fitness in the recipient. In this paper we explore the merits and shortcomings of this strategy, and investigate the scope for developing new approaches to streamline decision-making processes for transgenes that could cause unwanted ecological change.Keywords: environmental risk assessment / fitness / fitness parameters / GM crops / invasiveness / weediness THE CONTEXT OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENTThroughout the world, wherever transgenic crops are grown outside the confines of the laboratory, there is a regulatory system for governing and monitoring the conditions under which experimental field trials and/or commercial cultivation is sanctioned. There is considerable variation between individual countries in the legislative frameworks that dictate how decisions to permit, delay or halt the release of a particular transgenic event are made (Capalbo et al., 2003;Cardwell and Kerr, 2008;Guehlstorf and Hallstrom, 2005; Jepson et al., 2005;Kalaitzandonakes et al., 2007;Nasiruddin and Nasim, 2007;Ramjoue, 2007;Salleh, 2006;Zafar, 2007). Nevertheless, there appears to be a growing harmonization of the underlying process that governs decision-making, * Corresponding author: jjw@aber.ac.uk with all systems adopting a case-by-case approach in which large bodies of evidence are first presented and then evaluated in a reiterative fashion.The documents made in support of individual submissions are usually rather weighty and data-rich; they invariably include substantial information relating to the biology and agr...

show abstract

NO way to live; the various roles of nitric oxide in plant–pathogen interactions

Cited by 202 publications

References 140 publications

Resistance mechanisms of wild tomato germplasm to infection of Oidium neolycopersici

Resistance mechanisms of wild tomato germplasm to infection of Oidium neolycopersici

Cross Talk between Reactive Nitrogen and Oxygen Species during the Hypersensitive Disease Resistance Response

Fitness and beyond: Preparing for the arrival of GM crops with ecologically important novel characters

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About