No Serologic Evidence for Emerging Schmallenberg Virus Infection in Dogs (<i>Canis domesticus</i>)

Garigliany, Mutien-Marie; Desmecht, Daniël; Bayrou, Calixte; Peeters, Dominique

doi:10.1089/vbz.2012.1251

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In addition, anti-SBV antibodies have been detected in further ruminant species in zoological parks, some other zoo animals, free-ranging wild boar, and a few dogs [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ]. However, large-scale serological surveys performed in dogs in Belgium and wild carnivores in Germany did not provide any further evidence for SBV-infections of carnivores, as anti-SBV antibodies were not detected in any sample [ 41 , 44 ]. In addition, no SBV-specific antibodies were detected in free-ranging wild-type mice and shrews indicating that free-living shrews and rodents are most likely not susceptible to SBV-infection [ 41 ].…”

Section: Host Range and Clinical Manifestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schmallenberg Virus: To Vaccinate, or Not to Vaccinate?

Wernike

Beer

2020

Vaccines

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Schmallenberg virus (SBV), a teratogenic orthobunyavirus that infects predominantly ruminants, emerged in 2011 in Central Europe, spread rapidly throughout the continent, and subsequently established an endemic status with re-circulations to a larger extent every 2 to 3 years. Hence, it represents a constant threat to the continent’s ruminant population when no effective countermeasures are implemented. Here, we discuss potential preventive measures to protect from Schmallenberg disease. Previous experiences with other arboviruses like bluetongue virus have already demonstrated that vaccination of livestock against a vector-transmitted disease can play a major role in reducing or even stopping virus circulation. For SBV, specific inactivated whole-virus vaccines have been developed and marketing authorizations were granted for such preparations. In addition, candidate marker vaccines either as live attenuated, DNA-mediated, subunit or live-vectored preparations have been developed, but none of these DIVA-capable candidate vaccines are currently commercially available. At the moment, the licensed inactivated vaccines are used only to a very limited extent. The high seroprevalence rates induced in years of virus re-occurrence to a larger extent, the wave-like and sometimes hard to predict circulation pattern of SBV, and the expenditures of time and costs for the vaccinations presumably impact on the willingness to vaccinate. However, one should bear in mind that the consequence of seronegative young animals and regular renewed virus circulation might be again more cases of fetal malformation caused by an infection of naïve dams during one of their first gestations. Therefore, an appropriate and cost-effective strategy might be to vaccinate naïve female animals of all affected species before the reproductive age.

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Section: Host Range and Clinical Manifestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schmallenberg Virus: To Vaccinate, or Not to Vaccinate?

Wernike

Beer

2020

Vaccines

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“…SBV antibodies were also reported in one dog without clinical signs in Sweden [89]. However, SBV serological investigations in 132 dogs in Belgium [90] and in wild carnivores in Germany [85] found no evidence of SBV infection. Experimental SBV infection in pigs leads to transient seroconversion, however no SBV-RNA was detected [91] suggesting they may become infected but do not develop disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schmallenberg virus: a systematic international literature review (2011-2019) from an Irish perspective

Collins

Doherty

Barrett³

et al. 2019

Ir Vet J

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In Autumn 2011, nonspecific clinical signs of pyrexia, diarrhoea, and drop in milk yield were observed in dairy cattle near the German town of Schmallenberg at the Dutch/German border. Targeted veterinary diagnostic investigations for classical endemic and emerging viruses could not identify a causal agent. Blood samples were collected from animals with clinical signs and subjected to metagenomic analysis; a novel orthobunyavirus was identified and named Schmallenberg virus (SBV). In late 2011/early 2012, an epidemic of abortions and congenital malformations in calves, lambs and goat kids, characterised by arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly were reported in continental Europe. Subsequently, SBV RNA was confirmed in both aborted and congenitally malformed foetuses and also in Culicoides species biting midges. It soon became evident that SBV was an arthropod-borne teratogenic virus affecting domestic ruminants. SBV rapidly achieved a pan-European distribution with most countries confirming SBV infection within a year or two of the initial emergence. The first Irish case of SBV was confirmed in the south of the country in late 2012 in a bovine foetus. Since SBV was first identified in 2011, a considerable body of scientific research has been conducted internationally describing this novel emerging virus. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive synopsis of the most up-to-date scientific literature regarding the origin of SBV and the spread of the Schmallenberg epidemic, in addition to describing the species affected, clinical signs, pathogenesis, transmission, risk factors, impact, diagnostics, surveillance methods and control measures. This review also highlights current knowledge gaps in the scientific literature regarding SBV, most notably the requirement for further research to determine if, and to what extent, SBV circulation occurred in Europe and internationally during 2017 and 2018. Moreover, recommendations are also made regarding future arbovirus surveillance in Europe, specifically the establishment of a European-wide sentinel herd surveillance program, which incorporates bovine serology and Culicoides entomology and virology studies, at national and international level to monitor for the emergence and re-emergence of arboviruses such as SBV, bluetongue virus and other novel Culicoides-borne arboviruses.

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