No Outbreak of Vancomycin and Linezolid Resistance in Staphylococcal Pneumonia over a 10-Year Period

Abstract

BackgroundStaphylococci can cause wound infections and community- and nosocomial-acquired pneumonia, among a range of illnesses. Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) have been rapidly increasing as a cause of infections worldwide in recent decades. Numerous reports indicate that S. aureus and MRSA are becoming resistant to many antibiotics, which makes them very dangerous. Therefore, this study retrospectively investigated the resistance to antimicrobial agents in all hospitalized patients suffering from community- or nosocomial-acquired pneumonia due to S. aureus and MRSA.MethodsInformation from the study groups suffering from either community- or nosocomial-acquired pneumonia caused by S. aureus or MRSA was gathered by searching records from 2004 to 2014 at the HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, Witten/Herdecke University, Germany. The findings of antibiotic resistance were analyzed after the evaluation of susceptibility testing for S. aureus and MRSA.ResultsTotal of 147 patients (63.9%, 95% CI 57.5%–69.8%), mean age 67.9 ± 18.5 years, with pneumonia triggered by S. aureus, and 83 patients (36.1%, 95% CI 30.2%–42.5%), mean age 72.3 ± 13.8 years, with pneumonia due to MRSA. S. aureus and MRSA developed no resistance to vancomycin (P = 0.019 vs. < 0.0001, respectively) or linezolid (P = 0.342 vs. < 0.0001, respectively). MRSA (95.3%) and S. aureus (56.3%) showed a high resistance to penicillin. MRSA (87.7%) was also found to have a high antibiotic resistance against ß-lactam antibiotics, compared to S. aureus (9.6%). Furthermore, MRSA compared to S. aureus, respectively, had increased antibiotic resistance to ciprofloxacin (90.1% vs. 17.0%), cefazolin (89.7% vs. 10.2%), cefuroxime (89.0% vs. 9.1%), levofloxacin (88.2% vs. 18.4%), clindamycin (78.0% vs. 14.7%), and erythromycin (76.5% vs. 20.8%).ConclusionNo development of resistance was found to vancomycin and linezolid in patients with pneumonia caused by S. aureus and MRSA.

Low Proportion of Linezolid and Daptomycin Resistance Among Bloodborne Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Europe

“…Also, the European mean proportion of linezolid resistance among MRSA blood isolates included in this study was found to be very 1ow [0.29% (95% CI 0.21-0.40%)], attesting to the overall susceptibility of MRSA isolates to linezolid in Europe. This is also similar to local studies in Germany and Spain (Sierra et al, 2013;Yayan et al, 2015), Russia (Gostev et al, 2015), China (Huang et al, 2019), and Latin America (Vega and Dowzicky, 2017), but remarkably lower compared to results from Pakistan (48.1%) (Azhar et al, 2017) and India (2.8-7.0%) (Kaur and Chate, 2015;Kumar, 2016). In comparison to other multi-country surveillance studies, such as ZAAPS and SENTRY, linezolid activity against VREF and MRSA remains similarly very high (>98%) in Europe (Mendes et al, 2016;Deshpande et al, 2018).…”

Esculentin-1a-Derived Peptides Promote Clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Internalized in Bronchial Cells of Cystic Fibrosis Patients and Lung Cell Migration: Biochemical Properties and a Plausible Mode of Action

“…An exception is fluoroquinolones, e.g., ciprofloxacin (61), which is currently used due to its strong activity against Gram-negative bacteria in spite of its toxicity (62) and the increasing number of bacteria that are resistant to it (63). Remarkably, the diastereomer had activity comparable to that of ciprofloxacin, which was found to cause ϳ64%, 77%, and 98% killing of intracellular bacteria when tested under our conditions on infected ⌬F508-CFBE at 1 M, 5 M, and 15 M, respectively (data not shown).…”

Antibiofilm Activity and Synergistic Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms by Bactericidal Protein P128 in Combination with Antibiotics

“…A significant number of clinical isolates of S. aureus have evolved to become resistant to commonly used antibiotics. The emergence of hospital-and community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has worsened the situation further (1). Resistance has also been reported against both recently introduced and last-resort drugs used for treatment of S. aureus infection, such as vancomycin, daptomycin, and linezolid (2,3).…”