No More Nations Within Nations: Indigenous Sovereignty after the End of Treaty-Making in 1871

Helfrich, Joel T.; Oberg, Michael Leroy; Roberts, Alaina E.; Reed, Julie; Bruyneel, Kevin

doi:10.1017/s1537781421000141

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Treaties and subsequent legislation resulted in the creation of reservations (i.e., land reserved for our exclusive use) to endure in perpetuity, which were invariably violated when the settler demand for more land encroached on reservation boundaries. By 1871, the United States no longer engaged in treaty-making and coercively negotiated or unilaterally seized Indigenous lands (Helfrich et al, 2021). In the late 19th century, U.S. Congress declared that reservation lands held in common should be subdivided into stock parcels to be owned by individual Indians, with all remaining "surplus" lands opened up for settlement (Otis, 2014).…”

Section: Settler Colonialism In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Truth and reconciliation for whom? Transitional justice for Indigenous peoples in American psychology.

Fish,

Ansloos,

O'Keefe

et al. 2024

American Psychologist

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the American Psychological Association apologized to people of color in the United States for its role in systemic racism. Spurred by a national racial reckoning, Indigenous Peoples have been regularly incorporated into initiatives redressing America's legacy of racism. Although Indigenous Peoples have been racialized during the formation of the United States, this process is intertwined with colonization-the systematic dispossession and exploitation of Indigenous communities by Europeans. We first examine how the American Psychological Association (APA) has been complicit in colonialism by failing to oppose government policies that disenfranchise Indigenous communities, which it recently recognized in a separate apology to First Peoples in the United States in February 2023 (American Psychological Association, APA Indigenous Apology Work Group [APA IAWG], 2023). Second, we explore methods for APA to reconcile historical and contemporary wrongs inflicted on Indigenous Peoples through transitional justice, an approach to addressing human rights violations that seeks justice and opportunities for healing (United Nations, 2008). In particular, we consider the implications that Truth and Reconciliation Commissions have for Indigenous Peoples. Third, we provide recommendations for APA to repair relations with Indigenous Peoples in education, research, and practice. We specifically interrogate what possibilities for truth, reconciliation, and healing exist vis-à-vis transitional justice in psychology. We conclude with the potential that APA has to advance meaningful structural reforms while cautioning against superficial efforts towards reconciliation.

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Section: Settler Colonialism In the United Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Truth and reconciliation for whom? Transitional justice for Indigenous peoples in American psychology.

Fish,

Ansloos,

O'Keefe

et al. 2024

American Psychologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Treaties and subsequent legislation resulted in the creation of reservations (i.e., Indigenous land reserved for our exclusive use) to endure in perpetuity, which were invariably violated when the settler demand for more land encroached on reservation boundaries. By 1871, the U.S. no longer engaged in treaty-making and coercively negotiated or unilaterally seized Indigenous lands (Helfrich et al, 2021). In the late 19 th century, the U.S. Congress declared that reservation lands held in common should be subdivided into stock parcels to be owned by individual Indians, with all remaining "surplus" lands opened up for settlement (Otis, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Truth and Reconciliation for Whom? Transitional Justice for Indigenous Peoples in American Psychology

Fish¹,

Ansloos²,

O’Keefe³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In October 2021, the American Psychological Association (APA) apologized to People of Color in the U.S. for its role in “promoting, perpetuating, and failing to challenge racism, racial discrimination, and human hierarchy” (2021a, p. 1). In the context of a national racial reckoning, Indigenous Peoples have been regularly incorporated into initiatives redressing America’s legacy of racism. Although Indigenous Peoples have been racialized during the formation of the U.S., this process has been deeply entangled with colonization — the systematic dispossession and exploitation of Indigenous communities by Europeans. We first examine how APA has been complicit in colonialism by failing to oppose government policies that disenfranchise Indigenous communities (Woolf et al., 2022). Second, we explore possibilities for APA to reconcile historical and contemporary wrongs inflicted on Indigenous Peoples through transitional justice, an approach to addressing human rights violations that seeks justice and opportunities for healing (United Nations, 2008). In particular, we consider the implications that Truth and Reconciliation Commissions have for Indigenous Peoples. Third, we provide recommendations for APA to repair relations with Indigenous Peoples in 1) education, 2) research, and 3) practice. Specifically, we interrogate what possibilities for truth, reconciliation, and healing exist vis-à-vis transitional justice initiatives in psychology. We conclude with the potential APA has to advance meaningful reforms, while cautioning against superficial efforts towards reconciliation.

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“…With the 1871 Indian Appropriations Act, the United States ended formal treaty-making, establishing the end of sovereign-to-sovereign relations. 8 The 1887 Dawes Act sought to destroy tribal sovereignty, alienate Native individuals from their cultures, and free up "surplus" lands to sell to settlers. The act also provided for granting U.S. citizenship to Native individuals once they owned their own allotments and demonstrated their abilities as landowners.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“An Exhibit as Will Astonish the Civilized World”: Seeking Separate Statehood for Indian Territory at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition

Crossley

2023

J. gilded age prog. era

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Chickasaw, Choctaw, Cherokee, Muscogee, and Seminole citizens employed the Indian Territory exhibits at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition to advance the separate statehood movement. Increasingly shut out of the formal political realm, they adopted creative measures to exert their political will, including participating in the world’s fair. Employing insights from settler-colonial theory and public history, this paper argues that the politics of display expanded the agency of a group marginalized from political representation. The U.S. government, pressured by the territory’s growing population of non-Native settlers, had begun planning for statehood, passing the 1898 Curtis Act to force allotment and dissolve the Five Tribes’ governments by 1906. To protect their land and sovereignty, a cohort of Native citizens pursued statehood for Indian Territory separate from Oklahoma Territory. Although joint statehood won out, separate statehood advocates succeeded in creating exhibits that centered on the survival of Native nations. They also articulated an Indigenous conception of citizenship, developing an imaginative vision for a future in which self-determination and U.S. citizenship could converge in a Native state. This represented a novel contribution to ongoing debates over how to integrate remaining western territories into the United States and how to incorporate diverse peoples within the citizenry.

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No More Nations Within Nations: Indigenous Sovereignty after the End of Treaty-Making in 1871

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Truth and reconciliation for whom? Transitional justice for Indigenous peoples in American psychology.

Truth and reconciliation for whom? Transitional justice for Indigenous peoples in American psychology.

Truth and Reconciliation for Whom? Transitional Justice for Indigenous Peoples in American Psychology

“An Exhibit as Will Astonish the Civilized World”: Seeking Separate Statehood for Indian Territory at the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition

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