No involuntary treatment of mental illness in Australian and New Zealand prisons

Carroll, Andrew; Ellis, Andrew M.; Aboud, Andrew; Scott, Russ; Pillai, Krishna

doi:10.1080/14789949.2020.1817524

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Internationally, it should be noted that some countries seek to provide mental health treatment in prison as an alternative to hospital transfers (Carroll et al, 2021). Our findings, however, highlight a concerning lack of quality empirical research into delays in transfer of mentally disordered prisoners to hospital and into the reasons for these delays.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…While some jurisdictions allow for the involuntary treatment of those with mental illness inside prison (Prendergast et al, 2002), in many parts of the world, this may only be undertaken in designated hospitals where full medical personnel and facilities are available (Carroll et al, 2021). It is important to consider that, in the UK, if an individual in transfers for mental disorder from outside the UK and only one reported time-to-transfer data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Delays in transferring patients from prisons to secure psychiatric hospitals: An international systematic review

Sales,

Forrester,

Tully

2023

Criminal Behav Ment Health

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BackgroundTransfer to a psychiatric hospital of prisoners who need inpatient treatment for a mental disorder is an important part of prison healthcare in the UK. It is an essential factor in ensuring the principle of equivalence in the treatment of prisoners. In England and Wales, delays in transferring unwell prisoners to hospital were identified by the 2009 Bradley Report. There has been no subsequent systematic review of progress in so doing nor a corresponding appraisal of transfer arrangements in other parts of the world.AimTo conduct a systematic review of international literature about transfers of mentally unwell individuals from prison to hospital for the treatment of mental disorder since 2009.MethodEight databases were searched for data‐based publications using terms for prison and transfer to hospital from 1 January 2009 to 4 August 2022. Inclusion criteria limited transfer to arrangements for pre‐trial and sentenced prisoners going to a health service hospital, excluding hospital orders made on the conclusion of criminal hearing.ResultsIn England, four articles were identified, all showing that transfer times remain considerably longer than the national targets of 14 days (range, 14 days to >9 months); one study from Scotland found shorter mean transfer times, but more patients had been transferred to psychiatric intensive care units than to secure forensic hospitals. There were only two studies that investigated prison to hospital transfers for mental disorder from outside the UK and only one reported time‐to‐transfer data.ConclusionsFindings from this literature review highlight failures to resolve transfer delays in England and provide little evidence about the problem elsewhere. Given the lack of data, it is unclear whether other countries do not have this problem or simply that there has been no research interest in it. A possible confounding factor here is that, in some countries, all treatment for prisoners’ mental disorders occurs in prison. However, the principle that prisons are not hospitals seems important when people need inpatient care. Prospective, longitudinal cohort studies are urgently needed to map transfer times and outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delays in transferring patients from prisons to secure psychiatric hospitals: An international systematic review

Sales,

Forrester,

Tully

2023

Criminal Behav Ment Health

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“…Australian clinicians are well aware of the potential for coercion and the perception of enforced treatment by LAI-B in prison populations. 29 However, compared to non-incarcerated subjects, opioid users in prison actually appear more attracted by the practicability and discretion features of LAI-B. 30 Qualitative studies have shown that opioid users generally believe that LAI-B formulations are beneficial for those who wanted to avoid thinking about drugs and drug-using associates, avoid the stigma of substance use and sought ‘normality’ and ‘recovery.’ 31 A recent quantitative survey of 402 Australian users of opioids found that two-thirds of those surveyed believed that LAI-B was a good treatment option for them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-acting injectable buprenorphine – ‘best practice’ opioid agonist therapy for Australian prisoners

Scott¹,

Aboud²,

Thomas³

2021

Australas Psychiatry

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“…It is not difficult to predict a 'slippery slope' effect whereby sedation and tranquillisation are used arbitrarily to maintain the 'good order and safety' of the prison. 17…”

Section: Behavioural Management By Involuntary Treatment Of Prisonersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prison mental health network in the RANZCP

Scott¹,

Aboud²,

Das³

et al. 2023

Australas Psychiatry

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No involuntary treatment of mental illness in Australian and New Zealand prisons

Cited by 6 publications

References 59 publications

Delays in transferring patients from prisons to secure psychiatric hospitals: An international systematic review

Delays in transferring patients from prisons to secure psychiatric hospitals: An international systematic review

Long-acting injectable buprenorphine – ‘best practice’ opioid agonist therapy for Australian prisoners

A prison mental health network in the RANZCP

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