No evidence that environmental enrichment during rearing protects against cocaine behavioral effects but as an intervention reduces an already established cocaine conditioned place preference

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis as a target for cocaine addiction: a review of recent developments

“…In contrast with the converging evidence that increased AHN reduces cocaine selfadministration, when AHN-enhancing interventions are used as a 'preventive' approach before a cocaine CPP paradigm, reduced [41,43], unchanged [44,45]…”

“…increased [46] cocaine CPP have been reported. The reason for these conflicting findings is unclear, although the use of (male) rodents of different strains and species may have contributed to the variability among studies [41,[43][44][45]. Another possibility is that because increasing AHN may potentiate hippocampus-dependent contextual and associative memory [47], enhanced cognition may modulate the expression of the CPP response, independently of drug motivation and reward [17,31] (Figure 2).…”

“…Environmental interventions delivered after cocaine CPP acquisition seem to be more consistent in reducing the long-term maintenance of the cocaine-associated memory [17,44,46,48] -although one study specifically reported that AHN may not be necessary to the effectiveness of post-conditioning voluntary running [48] -(Figure 2). In addition to the environmental approaches, a reduced cocaine CPP maintenance was replicated in a study involving central administration of lysophosphatidic acid, a pro-AHN compound, which also showed an inverse correlation between AHN and longterm cocaine CPP expression [49].…”

Neuroplastic and cognitive impairment in substance use disorders: a therapeutic potential of cognitive stimulation

“…It is unclear, however, whether a reduced drug intake in EE housed animals may be attributed to a reduced drug reward sensitivity. The acquisition of drug-induced CPP has been reported as either increased or reduced in animals conditioned after (or while) experiencing EE [unchanged CPP: cocaine: (Ribeiro Do Couto et al, 2009); reduced CPP: alcohol: (Bahi, 2017); cocaine: (Zakharova et al, 2009); methamphetamine: (Gehrke et al, 2006); increased CPP: cocaine (Smith et al, 2009); methamphetamine: (Bowling and Bardo, 1994); nicotine: (Ewin et al, 2015); opioids: (Smith et al, 2005); accordingly, mixed results are found for EE+running: unchanged CPP: (Galaj et al, 2017;Pautassi et al, 2017;Thiriet et al, 2011); reduced CPP: (de Carvalho et al, 2010;El Rawas et al, 2009;Freese et al, 2018;Nader et al, 2012); increased CPP: (Nader et al, 2012;Rae et al, 2018)].…”

Enhancement of the GluN2B subunit of glutamatergic NMDA receptors in rat brain areas after cocaine abstinence

“…An enriched environment has beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of substance use disorder (Solinas et al, 2009). It was shown that enriched environment reduces cocaine-induced locomotor activity (Bezard et al, 2003; Galaj et al, 2017; Lafragette et al, 2017; Solinas et al, 2008, 2009), conditioned place preference (Galaj et al, 2017; Green et al, 2010; Solinas et al, 2008, 2009), and cocaine self-administration (Chauvet et al, 2009; Ewing and Ranaldi, 2018; Gipson et al, 2011; Green et al, 2010; Puhl et al, 2012; Ranaldi et al, 2011; Thiel et al, 2011). Additionally, environmental enrichment reduced cocaine-seeking during an extinction session, as well as reduced cue- and stress-induced, but not cocaine-induced reinstatement (Chauvet et al, 2009; Frankowska et al, 2019).…”