No evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection by polymerase chain reaction or serology in children with pseudo‐chilblain

Abstract

A et al. Characterization of acute acro-ischemic lesions in non-hospitalized patients: a case series of 132 patients during the COVID-19 outbreak. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 83:e61-3. 3 Galv an Casas C, Catal a A, Carretero Hern andez G et al. Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: a rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases.

COVID toes: where do we stand with the current evidence?

“… To date, a direct link between chilblains and COVID-19 still seems impossible to confirm. Our study, like others, points towards a more indirect association due to lifestyle changes induced by lockdown, in particular sedentary lifestyles and bare-feet exposure to cool indoors ( Freeman et al, 2020a , Kluger, 2020 , Caselli et al, 2020 , El Hachem et al, 2020 ). Patient follow-up support this hypothesis with the observed improvement of chilblains when protective and warm-up measures were adopted and containment restrictions relaxed.…”

“…( Baeck et al, 2020c , Ko et al, 2020 ). Conversely, RT-PCR and anti-SARS-CoV-2 serology were mostly negative ( Herman et al, 2020 , Baeck et al, 2020a , Caselli et al, 2020 , El Hachem et al, 2020 , Neri et al, 2020 , Roca-Ginés et al, 2020 , Rouanet et al, 2020 , Rizzoli et al, 2020 , Mahieu et al, 2020 , García-Legaz Martínez et al, 2020 , Garcia-Lara et al, 2020 , Freeman et al, 2020b , Colonna et al, 2020 , Le Cleach et al, 2020 , Lesort et al, 2020 , Stavert et al, 2020 , Denina et al, 2020 ). Negative RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs could suggest that chilblains are a late symptom of COVID-19.…”

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children in Southern Italy: A Descriptive Case Series

“…Rapid clearance of the virus in infected subjects is also associated with a favorable outcome and a limited impact on the surrounding community. Further studies are needed to better understand some accompanying phenomena, such as the excess of Kawasaki-like [ 16 ] or chilblain-like [ 17 ] vasculitis associated with the spread of COVID-19, although these conditions may not be associated with SARS-COV-2 infection itself. Further understanding of these phenomena will likely contribute to determining the as yet unknown mechanism of immune response during viral infections.…”

Response to ‘No evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection by polymerase chain reaction or serology in children with pseudo‐chilblain’

“…Dear Editor , We read with interest the article by Caselli et al ., 1 which reported a case series of 38 children with chilblain‐like lesions (CLLs). Testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), rapid test serology and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgA and IgG antibodies yielded negative results in all cases.…”