No Evidence of Herpesvirus Infection in West Highland White Terriers With Canine Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Roels, Elodie; Dourcy, Mickaël; Holopainen, Saila; Rajamäki, Minna; Gillet, Laurent; Ehlers, Bernhard; Clercx, Cécile

doi:10.1177/0300985816641991

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Studies have focused on the role of viral infection in patients with IPF, but interpreting their data was hindered by their relatively small sample sizes and differing populations studied. 21,22,58,59 Historically, IPF comprised a heterogeneous group of different histologic and clinical entities arising in an idiopathic setting. Before ATS/ERS defined IPF as a usual interstitial pneumonia pattern at lung biopsy or high-resolution CT, the diagnosis of IPF was imprecise and variable, 3,4,6,27 which is a major pitfall of this metaanalysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Infection Increases the Risk of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Sheng

Chen

Wei

et al. 2020

Chest

146

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BACKGROUND: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrotic lung disease with a poor prognosis. Although many factors have been identified that possibly trigger or aggravate IPF, such as viral infection, the exact cause of IPF remains unclear. Until now, there has been no systematic review to assess the role of viral infection in IPF quantitatively.OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis aims to present a collective view on the relationship between viral infection and IPF. METHODS:We searched studies reporting the effect of viral infection on IPF in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Wiley Online Library databases. We calculated ORs with 95% CIs to assess the risk of virus in IPF. We also estimated statistical heterogeneity by using I 2 and Cochran Q tests and publication bias by using the funnel plot, Begg test, Egger test, and trim-and-fill methods. Regression, sensitivity, and subgroup analyses were performed to assess the effects of confounding factors, such as sex and age. RESULTS:We analyzed 20 case-control studies from 10 countries with 1,287 participants. The pooled OR of all viruses indicated that viral infection could increase the risk of IPF significantly (OR, 3.48; 95% CI, 1.61-7.52; P ¼ .001), but not that of exacerbation of IPF (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.47-2.12; P ¼ .988). All analyzed viruses, including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), were associated with a significant elevation in the risk of IPF, except human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). CONCLUSIONS:The presence of persistent or chronic, but not acute, viral infections, including EBV, CMV, HHV-7, and HHV-8, significantly increases the risk of developing IPF, but not exacerbation of IPF. These findings imply that viral infection could be a potential risk factor for IPF.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Infection Increases the Risk of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Sheng

Chen

Wei

et al. 2020

Chest

146

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“…To assess the potential association between CIPF and canine herpesvirus infection, a PCR assay was used to test lung and blood samples from WHWTs with CIPF and control dogs without respiratory disease. Canine herpesvirus could not be amplified from the lung and blood samples from WHWTs with CIPF or samples from control dogs, making an association between CIPF and herpesvirus infection very unlikely (Roels et al, 2016).…”

Section: Aetiology and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in West Highland white terriers: An update

Clercx

Fastrès

Roels

2018

The Veterinary Journal

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Canine idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (CIPF) affects middle-aged to older dogs of a single breed, mainly the West Highland white terrier (WHWT), which is suggestive of a genetic predisposition. CIPF causes exercise intolerance, restrictive dyspnoea and coughing. Coarse crackles are heard on thoracic auscultation. Abnormal blood gas parameters and a shortened '6-min-walking test' distance are common; secondarily induced pulmonary hypertension and/or airway collapse are frequent. These features of CIPF mimic those of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in humans and therefore identify CIPF as a possible spontaneously arising model for study of human IPF. However, computed tomographic and histopathological findings of CIPF are not identical to those of human IPF. As in human IPF, the aetiology of CIPF is not yet fully elucidated. There are no curative treatments and the prognosis is poor. This paper reviews advances in understanding of the clinical description and natural history of CIPF, the investigation of biomarkers and the exploration of possible aetiologies and mechanistic hypotheses.

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“…19 In dogs and cats, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis shares some features with the human condition, however, no evidence of herpesviral infection associated with canine and feline pulmonary fibrosis has been reported. 12,19 Findings in our case series suggest that gammaherpesviruses may be prevalent in this feral equid population and may contribute to post-gathering clinical disease. Whereas the detection of these viruses, here and in previous studies, does not prove disease causation, its potential association with respiratory conditions in equids deserves further attention.…”

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confidence: 76%

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confidence: 99%

Detection of asinine gammaherpesviruses in association with pulmonary fibrosis in free-ranging donkeys

et al. 2021

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A mortality event among recently captured feral donkeys ( Equus asinus) occurred in south-central Utah in 2016. The deaths were sporadic, and clinical signs were indicative of respiratory disease, likely associated with an infectious etiology. Ten of 13 donkeys autopsied had moderate-to-severe interstitial fibrosing pneumonia, and one had pyogranulomatous pneumonia. Consensus PCRs directed toward the DNA polymerase and DNA packaging terminase subunit 1 for herpesviruses were performed followed by sequencing of the PCR amplicons and phylogenetic analysis. Asinine herpesvirus 4 (AsHV4) and 5 (AsHV5) were consistently identified in lung tissues of affected donkeys. No other herpesviruses were identified, and herpesviral DNA was not detected in lung tissues of 2 donkeys without evidence of respiratory disease. The detection of asinine gammaherpesviruses may have been associated with the lesions described. AsHV4 and AsHV5 have been reported in previous studies as novel gammaherpesviruses based on sequences obtained from donkeys with interstitial pneumonia and marked syncytial cell formation. Our findings suggest that the association of asinine gammaherpesviruses with respiratory conditions in equids deserves further attention.

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No Evidence of Herpesvirus Infection in West Highland White Terriers With Canine Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Viral Infection Increases the Risk of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Viral Infection Increases the Risk of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in West Highland white terriers: An update

Detection of asinine gammaherpesviruses in association with pulmonary fibrosis in free-ranging donkeys

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