No evidence for a role of competitive capabilities of adults in causing habitat segregation of diploid and hexaploid Senecio carniolicus (Asteracaeae)

Hülber, Karl; Berger, Andreas; Gilli, Christian; Hofbauer, Markus; Patek, Monika; Schneeweiss, Gerald M.

doi:10.1007/s00035-011-0091-7

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In line wixth our results, Hulber et al [ 89 ] showed that the performance of diploid Senecio carniolicus strongly varied with changing environmental conditions while the performance of hexaploids remained unchanged. Similarly, Schlaepfer et al [ 90 ] showed a significant size response to nutrient treatments in diploid but not tetraploid Solidago gigantea .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Conditions in Home and Transplant Soils Have Differential Effects on the Performance of Diploid and Allotetraploid Anthericum Species

Černá

Münzbergová

2015

PLoS ONE

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Due to increased levels of heterozygosity, polyploids are expected to have a greater ability to adapt to different environments than their diploid ancestors. While this theoretical pattern has been suggested repeatedly, studies comparing adaptability to changing conditions in diploids and polyploids are rare. The aim of the study was to determine the importance of environmental conditions of origin as well as target conditions on performance of two Anthericum species, allotetraploid A. liliago and diploid A. ramosum and to explore whether the two species differ in the ability to adapt to these environmental conditions. Specifically, we performed a common garden experiment using soil from 6 localities within the species’ natural range, and we simulated the forest and open environments in which they might occur. We compared the performance of diploid A. ramosum and allotetraploid A. liliago originating from different locations in the different soils. The performance of the two species was not affected by simulated shading but differed strongly between the different target soils. Growth of the tetraploids was not affected by the origin of the plants. In contrast, diploids from the most nutrient poor soil performed best in the richest soil, indicating that diploids from deprived environments have an increased ability to acquire nutrients when available. They are thus able to profit from transfer to novel nutrient rich environments. Therefore, the results of the study did not support the general expectation that the polyploids should have a greater ability than the diploids to adapt to a wide range of conditions. In contrast, the results are in line with the observation that diploids occupy a wider range of environments than the allotetraploids in our system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Conditions in Home and Transplant Soils Have Differential Effects on the Performance of Diploid and Allotetraploid Anthericum Species

Černá

Münzbergová

2015

PLoS ONE

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“…; Hülber et al . ). Different competitive ability is not necessary to manifest in standard conditions when the experiment is focused on one specific stage (Dorman et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Response to competition of bulbous geophyteAllium oleraceumdiffering in ploidy level

Fialová

Duchoslav

2013

Plant Biol J

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Experimental studies that explore the possible causes of ploidy distributions and niche differentiation are rare. Increased competitive ability may be advantageous for survival in dense vegetation and may strongly affect local and regional abundances of cytotypes and potentially contribute to invasion success. We compared survival, growth and reproduction of plants originating from bulbils of three cytotypes (2n = 4x, 5x, 6x) of Allium oleraceum growing with and without a competitor (Arrhenatherum elatius). There was a strong negative effect of competition but no effect of ploidy or ploidy × competition on survivorship, height and total dry mass of A. oleraceum, i.e. no support for different competitive abilities of the ploidy levels. However, slightly different responses of populations to competition treatments within all cytotypes suggest differentiation within cytotypes. Under competition, plant survivorship was low, surviving plants were small, had low dry mass and produced neither sexual nor asexual propagules. Without competition, plant survivorship was high, and cytotypes differed in three traits after 2 year's growth: dry mass of flowers, number of flowers and ratio of the dry mass of sexual to asexual propagules all decreased with increasing ploidy level. We additionally tested tetra- and pentaploids as to whether plants originating from different types of propagule (bulbils, seeds) differ in survivorship, growth and reproduction when growing with and without a competitor. Plants originating from bulbils had higher survivorship, were more robust, flowered earlier and produced more propagules when compared to plants originating from seeds and grown without competition. Under competition, differences in performance between plants originating from seeds and bulbils mostly disappeared, with higher survivorship only for plants originating from bulbils.

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“…Positive neighbour effects, such as the accumulation of nutrients and water, stabilization of soil, or protection from wind, can outweigh the negative effects caused by competition for the same resources (Callaway et al, 2002;Cavieres et al, 2014) or could even enable upslope range expansions (le Roux et al, 2012). The wide lack of growth responses to neighbour competitiveness or cover could also be a sign that competition acts on early life stages rather than established, adult plants (Doak & Morris, 2010;Hülber et al, 2011;Moen, 1993). As most alpine and high-alpine species are long-lived, their populations could show a considerable time-lag until being outcompeted, if competition mainly acts on seedlings rather than established individuals (Doak & Morris, 2010;Dullinger et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enough space in a warmer world? Microhabitat diversity and small‐scale distribution of alpine plants on mountain summits

Kulonen

Imboden

Rixen³

et al. 2017

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim Global warming is predicted to shift distributions of mountain species upwards, driven by a release from climatic restrictions at their upper distribution limit and increased biotic pressure at their lower distribution limit. In alpine ecosystems, which are characterized by large microclimatic diversity and sparse vegetation cover, the relative importance of abiotic and biotic drivers for species distribution is poorly understood. To disentangle abiotic and biotic mechanisms affecting distributions of alpine species, we investigated how alpine plant species with differing elevational ranges and frequency trends over the past century differ in their microhabitat distribution, and how they respond to neighbouring vegetation. Location A total of 11 summits (2635—3410 m a.s.l.) in SE‐Switzerland. Methods We quantified the microscale abundance of 12 species in relation to biogeographic (frequency trend, i.e., change in occurrences over the past century, and elevational range on summits) and local microhabitat characteristics (temperature, substrate type). We assessed species size traits in relation to neighbouring vegetation characteristics to investigate possible neighbour interactions. Results Species with increasing frequency on summits over the past century were most abundant on scree and warmer slopes. Species with negative or stable frequency trends on summits were more abundant on organic soil and colder slopes. The preferred microhabitats of the latter were rarest overall, decreased with increasing elevation, and had the most competitive neighbours. Size of one high‐alpine specialist, Ranunculus glacialis was negatively related to cover of neighbouring vegetation, whereas other species showed no response to neighbours. Main conclusions Long‐term frequency trends of species correlate with their microhabitat association. Species with most negative frequency trends show preferences for the rarest microhabitat conditions, where they likely experience higher competitive pressure in a warming climate. This finding emphasizes the importance of characterizing microhabitat associations and microclimatic diversity to assess present and future distributions of alpine plant species.

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No evidence for a role of competitive capabilities of adults in causing habitat segregation of diploid and hexaploid Senecio carniolicus (Asteracaeae)

Cited by 10 publications

References 45 publications

Conditions in Home and Transplant Soils Have Differential Effects on the Performance of Diploid and Allotetraploid Anthericum Species

Conditions in Home and Transplant Soils Have Differential Effects on the Performance of Diploid and Allotetraploid Anthericum Species

Response to competition of bulbous geophyteAllium oleraceumdiffering in ploidy level

Enough space in a warmer world? Microhabitat diversity and small‐scale distribution of alpine plants on mountain summits

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