No evidence for a large difference in ALS frequency in populations of African and European origin: A population based study in inner city London

Rojas‐García, Ricardo; Scott, Kirsten M.; Roche, J; Scotton, William; Martin, Naomi; Janssen, Anna; Leigh, P. Nigel; Ellis, Cathy; Shaw, Christopher E.; Al‐Chalabi, Ammar

doi:10.3109/17482968.2011.636049

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Based on ethnic data, a difference was identified between non-Hispanics (1.36) and Hispanics (0.84). These data are in agreement with most previous reports on this topic, which showed in the USA and in the UK a constantly lower point estimate in non-Whites as compared with Whites 55 , 56 , 104 . The consistency of the findings would exclude under-ascertainment of cases as a possible explanation of the differences.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Variation in worldwide incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a meta-analysis

et al. 2016

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BackgroundTo assess the worldwide variation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) incidence, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based data published to date.MethodsWe reviewed Medline and Embase up to June 2015 and included all population-based studies of newly diagnosed ALS cases, using multiple sources for case ascertainment. ALS crude and standardized incidence (on age and sex using the US 2010 population) were calculated. Random effect meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed using the subcontinent as the main study level covariate. Sources of heterogeneity related to the characteristics of the study population and the study methodology were investigated.ResultsAmong 3216 records, 44 studies were selected, covering 45 geographical areas in 11 sub-continents. A total of 13 146 ALS cases and 825 million person-years of follow-up (PYFU) were co-nsidered. The overall pooled worldwide crude ALS incidence was at 1.75 (1.55–1.96)/100 000 PYFU; 1.68 (1.50–1.85)/100 000 PYFU after standardization. Heterogeneity was identified in ALS standardized incidence between North Europe [1.89 (1.46–2.32)/100 000 PYFU] and East Asia [0.83 (0.42–1.24)/100 000 PYFU, China and Japan P = 0.001] or South Asia [0.73 (0.58–0.89)/100 000/PYFU Iran, P = 0.02]. Conversely, homogeneous rates have been reported in populations from Europe, North America and New Zealand [pooled ALS standardized incidence of 1.81 (1.66-1.97)/100 000 PYFU for those areas].ConclusionThis review confirms a heterogeneous distribution worldwide of ALS, and sets the scene to sustain a collaborative study involving a wide international consortium to investigate the link between ancestry, environment and ALS incidence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Variation in worldwide incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a meta-analysis

et al. 2016

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“…Moreover, the study did not show a lower ALS incidence in people emigrated from southern regions to the north, but surprisingly, it found the opposite [16]. Likewise, findings of another study conducted in London did not detect a significant incidence rates difference between people with European and African ancestries living in the city [17].…”

Section: The Geographic Gradient and Ethnic Diversitymentioning

confidence: 66%

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Descriptive Epidemiology: The Origin of Geographic Difference

Logroscino

Piccininni

2019

Neuroepidemiology

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) epidemiology has rapidly developed in the last 30 years alongside the evolving changes in concepts in the field of clinical ALS and also due to the recent proposals of new classification system for motor neuron diseases. Many of these changes in the clinical scenario have been determined through the results of ALS population-based studies conducted in the last 20 years primarily in Europe. All the evidences converge to show that ALS risk is different across continents and ethnicities. In a European registry consortium named EURALS, ALS incident cases were drawn from a source population comprising almost 24 million people across Europe (ALS cases: 1028) and the estimated incidence was 2.2 per 100,000 person-years (py) for the general population. In contrast, other population-based studies have measured the lowest incidence in East Asia to be 0.89 per 100,000 py and in South Asia to be 0.79 per 100,000 py. A large part of Africa, Latin America and Asia does not have any population-based studies. The origin of geographic difference in ALS incidence is a matter of debate. Probably, this is partly due to genes (C9ORF72) and partly due to environmental risk factors. The rapid disappearance of ALS Foci in Guam, Kii, and West Guinea underline the importance of changes in lifestyle and environmental factors. The Global Burden of Disease, a project aiming to describe the burden of all diseases and injuries across all the countries of the world with a standardized protocol, has collected heterogeneous sources of data to estimate the burden of motor neuron diseases. The demographic changes related to increased expectation of life and the growth of the world population indicate that the load of motor neuron disease is rapidly moving toward 400 thousand prevalent cases. The burden is expected to shift toward Asia and Africa in the next decades for the rapid increase of expectation of life of countries with high demographic impact.

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“…There is a large body of evidence that demonstrates that postprandial hypertriglyceridemia is an independent risk for cardio vascular disease [ 32 – 34 ]. Relationship of the specific LPE and PEs with the TAG concentrations is interesting in light of the fact that plasma concentrations of LPE a C18:2 were found to be elevated in subjects with diabetes [ 35 ]. Further investigation into the role of LPE and PE in cardiovascular diseases is warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the lipidomic profile due to a lipid challenge and fitness level: a postprandial study

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe lipid composition of plasma is known to vary due to both phenotypic factors such as age, gender and BMI as well as with various diseases including cancer and neurological disorders. However, there is little investigation into the variation in the lipidome due to exercise and/ or metabolic challenges. The objectives of this present study were (i) To identify the glycerophospholipid, sphingolipids and ceramide changes in response to an oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT) in healthy adults and (ii) To identify the effect of aerobic fitness level on lipidomic profiles.Methods214 healthy adults aged 18–60 years were recruited as part of a metabolic challenge study. A sub-group of 40 volunteers were selected for lipidomic analysis based on their aerobic fitness level. Ceramides, glycerophospholipids and sphingomyelins were quantified in baseline fasting plasma samples as well as at 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 min following a lipid challenge using high-throughput flow injection ESI-MS/MS.ResultsMixed model repeated measures analysis identified lipids which were significantly changing over the time course of the lipid challenge. Included in these lipids were lysophosphoethanolamines (LPE), phosphoethanolamines (PE), phosphoglycerides (PG) and ceramides (Cer). Five lipids (LPE a C18:2, LPE a C18:1, PE aa C36:2, PE aa C36:3 and N-C16:1-Cer) had a fold change > 1.5 at 120 min following the challenge and these lipids remained elevated. Furthermore, three of these lipids (LPE a C18:2, PE aa C36:2 and PE aa C36:3) were predictive of fasting and peak plasma TAG concentrations following the OLTT. Further analysis revealed that fitness level has a significant impact on the response to the OLTT: in particular significant differences between fitness groups were observed for phosphatidylcholines (PC), sphingomyelins (SM) and ceramides.ConclusionThis study identified specific lipids which were modulated by an acute lipid challenge. Furthermore, it identified a series of lipids which were modulated by fitness level. Future lipidomic studies should take into account environmental factors such as diet and fitness level during biomarker discovery work.Trial registrationData, clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01172951Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12944-015-0062-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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No evidence for a large difference in ALS frequency in populations of African and European origin: A population based study in inner city London

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Variation in worldwide incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a meta-analysis

Variation in worldwide incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a meta-analysis

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Descriptive Epidemiology: The Origin of Geographic Difference

Modulation of the lipidomic profile due to a lipid challenge and fitness level: a postprandial study

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