No child is an island: sociability in times of social distancing

Melchior, Maria

doi:10.1007/s00787-020-01572-x

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Third, social distancing measures appear to affect adolescents and young adults to a larger extent than any other age group [ 60 , 61 ]. Adolescence and young adulthood are phases of life in which social identities are formed and peers become the most important source of social influence [ 62 ].…”

Section: Inequalities In the Impact Of Covid-19 Prevention Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Inequality and Solidarity in Times of COVID-19

Stok

Bal

Yerkes

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The enormous public health burdens of the COVID-19 pandemic are not distributed equally. Inequalities are noticeable along socio-economic and socio-cultural fault lines. These social determinants of health affect both the prevalence and severity of COVID-19 infections as well as the magnitude of negative impacts of the measures taken to slow the spread of the virus. This perspective paper summarizes key inequalities in who is affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection and in who is affected by COVID-19 prevention measures, based on evidence presented in state-of-the-art literature, and discusses the scope of challenges that these inequalities pose to solidarity and social justice. Key challenges for solidarity are highlighted across three areas: challenges to intergenerational solidarity, to global solidarity, and to intergroup solidarity.

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Section: Inequalities In the Impact Of Covid-19 Prevention Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Inequality and Solidarity in Times of COVID-19

Stok

Bal

Yerkes

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Further, while the majority of previous studies have focused on depression and anxiety, this study examined six mental health domains. Several commentaries have highlighted the likely deleterious effects of COVID-19 emergency measures on child and adolescent mental health [ 10 , 11 ], yet it is also possible that some children and adolescents may experience improvements in mental health compared to before the pandemic [ 12 , 13 ] due to reduced school and/or social stress. Understanding factors associated with improvement, as well as deterioration, of mental health is important for understanding resiliency and considering interventions to ameliorate outcomes for those experiencing mental health deterioration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mostly worse, occasionally better: impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Canadian children and adolescents

Cost

Crosbie

Anagnostou

et al. 2021

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

339

326

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This large cross-sectional study examined the impact of COVID-19 emergency measures on child/adolescent mental health for children/adolescents with and without pre-existing psychiatric diagnoses. Using adapted measures from the CRISIS questionnaire, parents of children aged 6–18 ( N = 1013; 56% male; 62% pre-existing psychiatric diagnosis) and self-reporting children/adolescents aged 10–18 ( N = 385) indicated changes in mental health across six domains: depression, anxiety, irritability, attention, hyperactivity, and obsessions/compulsions. Changes in anxiety, irritability, and hyperactivity were calculated for children aged 2–5 years using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. COVID-19 exposure, compliance with emergency measures, COVID-19 economic concerns, and stress from social isolation were measured with the CRISIS questionnaire. Prevalence of change in mental health status was estimated for each domain; multinomial logistic regression was used to determine variables associated with mental health status change in each domain. Depending on the age group, 67–70% of children/adolescents experienced deterioration in at least one mental health domain; however, 19–31% of children/adolescents experienced improvement in at least one domain. Children/adolescents without and with psychiatric diagnoses tended to experience deterioration during the first wave of COVID-19. Rates of deterioration were higher in those with a pre-exiting diagnosis. The rate of deterioration was variable across different age groups and pre-existing psychiatric diagnostic groups: depression 37–56%, anxiety 31–50%, irritability 40–66%, attention 40–56%, hyperactivity 23–56%, obsessions/compulsions 13–30%. Greater stress from social isolation was associated with deterioration in all mental health domains (all ORs 11.12–55.24). The impact of pre-existing psychiatric diagnosis was heterogenous, associated with deterioration in depression, irritability, hyperactivity, obsession/compulsions for some children (ORs 1.96–2.23) but also with improvement in depression, anxiety, and irritability for other children (ORs 2.13–3.12). Economic concerns were associated with improvement in anxiety, attention, and obsessions/compulsions (ORs 3.97–5.57). Children/adolescents with and without pre-existing psychiatric diagnoses reported deterioration. Deterioration was associated with increased stress from social isolation. Enhancing social interactions for children/adolescents will be an important mitigation strategy for current and future COVID-19 waves. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00787-021-01744-3.

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“…One of the major consequences of the pandemic and subsequent social distancing measures was the physical isolation from friends, extended family, and other significant figures. For children and adolescents, social distance measures may have had even more impact due to the developmental significance of peers, especially during adolescence [ 6 , 7 ]. Previous research has demonstrated a deleterious impact of loneliness on mental health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research has demonstrated a deleterious impact of loneliness on mental health. Although social isolation is not equivalent to loneliness [ 7 ], it can be expected that a reduction of social contacts will increase feelings of loneliness. The results of a systematic review of 63 studies [ 8 ] examining the impact of loneliness in previously healthy children showed clear cross-sectional and prospective associations between loneliness and mental health problems, notably the internalizing problems of anxiety and depression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cumulative Risk Exposure and Social Isolation as Correlates of Carer and Child Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Online Study with Families from Various Europeans Countries

Pereira

Muris

Roberto

et al. 2021

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

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This study adopted a cumulative risk approach to examine the relations between various domains of risk factors (i.e., social isolation and home confinement, other pandemic-related risk factors, and pre-existing psychosocial risk factors) and carers’ and children’s mental health during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. The sample consisted of 1475 carers of 6- to 16-year-old children and adolescents residing in five European countries (Portugal, United Kingdom, Romania, Spain, and The Netherlands) who completed an online survey. The results showed that each of the three domains of adversity accounted for unique variation in carers’ and children’s mental health outcomes. Also, the results indicated that pre-existing psychosocial risk factors moderated the relationship between pandemic-related risk factors and children and carers’ anxiety and between social isolation and confinement and carers’ well-being. Simple slopes analysis suggested a stronger relationship between these domains of adversities and mental health outcomes in already more vulnerable families. It is important to consider the implications of social isolation measures and confinement for families’ mental health, paying special attention to families with pre-existing psychosocial vulnerabilities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10578-021-01233-3.

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No child is an island: sociability in times of social distancing

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Social Inequality and Solidarity in Times of COVID-19

Social Inequality and Solidarity in Times of COVID-19

Mostly worse, occasionally better: impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Canadian children and adolescents

Cumulative Risk Exposure and Social Isolation as Correlates of Carer and Child Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Online Study with Families from Various Europeans Countries

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