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The Bias of Molecular Clump Identification Programs: the Example of the Carina Molecular Clouds

“…Situated between the Northern and Southern clouds is η Car and the Keyhole Nebula. Here the original molecular cloud has largely been destroyed and all that remains are several small exposed molecular clumps (Cox & Bronfman 1995;Brooks et al 2000;Rathborne et al 2002). The Southern Carina cloud constitutes the tips of giant mid-infrared emission pillars ('Southern Pillars') that point towards Tr 14 and Tr 16 (Smith et al 2000;Rathborne et al 2002) and which show up nicely in the extinction map.…”

“…Two major components were identified -the massive and extended Northern cloud and the Southern cloud which is confined to a dark dust lane which bisects the nebula at optical wavelengths. In between, η Car and the Keyhole Nebula led to the destruction of the original molecular cloud with only a few small molecular clumps remaining (Cox & Bronfman 1995;Brooks et al 2000;Rathborne et al 2002).…”

“…In addition, the mass range found by CF is much more limited compared to GC, i.e. the turnover point already occurs at 400 M , although there is observational evidence that there are clumps with masses of the order of 10 M separated in space and velocity (Cox & Bronfman 1995;Rathborne et al 2002). For the Rosette Molecular cloud, Williams et al (1995) indicate that 35% of the observed 13 CO emission was not identified into clumps.…”

Herschelfar-infrared observations of the Carina Nebula complex

“…4 in Smith & Brooks 2008). While this nebula contains large amounts of hot gas, producing copious Hα emission, it also contains cold molecular clouds (Cox & Bronfman 1995;Brooks et al 2005;Gomez et al 2010;Preibisch et al 2011a). To the south of η Car, the Herschel image shows a region of low emission.…”

Detection of highly-ionized diffuse gas in the Galactic plane

“…Molecular gas is concentrated in the dark lane which causes optical obscuration. CO observations indicate the presence of massive molecular clouds (Grabelsky et al 1988) and the complex clumpy morphology of the molecular gas in the Carina region (de Graauw et al 1981;Whiteoak & Otrupcek 1984;Cox & Bronfman 1995;Brooks et al 1998). Far-infrared emission associated with the dust lane has also been observed (Harvey et al 1979;Ghosh et al 1988).…”