No barrier to diffusion between cell soma and neurite membranes in sympathetic neurons for a GPI-anchored glycoprotein

Howard, Mark; Spiller, David G.; Reed, James E.; McNamee, Christine J.; White, Mike; Moss, Dennis

doi:10.1016/s1044-7431(03)00165-9

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 29 publications

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“…The capacity of the diffusion barrier to also immobilize membrane lipids was conclusively confirmed by video-rate tracking of fluorescent or nanogold-tagged lipids (Nakada et al, 2003). Although a few FRAP studies have been inconclusive (Fukano, Hama, & Miyawaki, 2004;Howarth et al, 2003), the existence of the diffusion barrier has since been confirmed using single-particle tracking of proteins labeled with quantum dots: VAMP2 (Song et al, 2009) or nonpolarized ion channel constructs (Brachet et al, 2010).…”

Section: The Ais Membrane Diffusion Barriermentioning

confidence: 95%

The Axon Initial Segment, 50Years Later

Leterrier

2016

Current Topics in Membranes

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The axon initial segment is a highly specialized neuronal compartment, identified almost 50years ago by the pioneers of electron microscopy. Located in the first 50μm of the axon, it contains unique cytoskeletal features and concentrates a repertoire of specific scaffold and membrane proteins that assembles just after axon determination. The axon initial segment (AIS) supports two crucial physiological functions of the mature neuron: first, it generates and shapes the action potential. Second, it separates the cell body from the axon, preserving the molecular identity of each compartment. In addition to a diffusion barrier restricting membrane proteins and lipids exchange, an intracellular filter has been proposed that could selectively exclude somatodendritic vesicles and recruit axonal cargoes. Finally, the AIS scaffold is capable of morphological plasticity during development or in response to network activity. These changes directly impact the neuron excitability, allowing an adaptive and homeostatic response. These plastic electrogenic properties, as well as the regulation of protein transport to and from the axon, may have important implications in several neuropathological contexts where the AIS structure is altered. Fifty years after its first characterization, the AIS thus emerges as a nexus for both neuronal organization and physiology.

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Section: The Ais Membrane Diffusion Barriermentioning

confidence: 95%

The Axon Initial Segment, 50Years Later

Leterrier

2016

Current Topics in Membranes

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A Barrier to Lateral Diffusion in the Cleavage Furrow of Dividing Mammalian Cells

Schmidt

Nichols

2004

Current Biology

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Barriers to diffusion of proteins and lipids play an important role in generating functionally specialized regions of the plasma membrane. Such barriers have been reported at the base of axons, at the bud neck in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as at the tight junctions of epithelia. How diffusion barriers are formed and how they effect behavior of both inner and outer leaflets of the bilayer are not fully understood. Here, we provide evidence for a cortical barrier to diffusion within the cleavage furrow of mammalian cells. Photobleaching-based assays were used to measure diffusion of three membrane proteins with differing topologies and putative lipid raft association, as well as the lipid analog dialkylindocarbocyanine (DiI C18, ), across the cleavage furrow. There was a block in diffusion of proteins with a cytosolic domain, but not of proteins anchored in the outer leaflet of the PM or of DiI. Diffusion of lipid raft proteins in the inner and outer leaflets of the membrane was not directly coupled. The distribution of Septin proteins, as opposed to cortical actin, was consistent with a functional role in limiting diffusion.

show abstract

No barrier to diffusion between cell soma and neurite membranes in sympathetic neurons for a GPI-anchored glycoprotein

Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

The Axon Initial Segment, 50Years Later

The Axon Initial Segment, 50Years Later

A Barrier to Lateral Diffusion in the Cleavage Furrow of Dividing Mammalian Cells

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