Self-regulation of impulsivity via maturation of the executive resources benefits our well-being. The review of behavioral, neuroimaging, and pharmacological studies appears to provide evidence of a relationship between the self-regulation of impulsivity, activity of the prefrontal cortex, and serotonergic neurotransmission. Although a wide range of genetic, developmental, and social factors exists, much of this information, their interactive mechanisms in particular, remains to be clarified. Thus, in the present article, I first review the brain functions that underlie selfregulative processes and then provide an update on recent findings regarding serotonergic neurotransmission. Next, by integrating findings from behavioral genetics that examine the association between gene polymorphism and impulsivity, I discuss the bright sides of the risk allele of gene polymorphism. Finally, I argue the future direction of genetic and environmental bidirectional studies.