No association between periodontitis and preterm low birth weight: a case–control study

Fogacci, Mariana Fampa; Cardoso, Elaine de O. C.; Barbirato, Davi da Silva; Carvalho, Denise P.; Sansone, Carmelo

doi:10.1007/s00404-017-4556-9

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, conversely, some studies have reported nding no association between CP and preterm LBW, and that treatment for periodontitis had no effect on the prevention of LBW [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66]. Furthermore, as LBW is related to numerous risk factors, such as the mother's age, onset of prenatal care, systemic diseases, previous LBW infants, complications during pregnancy, and term of delivery, CP may not be an important risk factor for LBW [23][24][25][26][27]67]. Thus, the precise association between CP and LBW remains unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pathogenic bacterium of CP and chemical mediators produced by in ammation in gingiva were considered to penetrate into weak capillary blood vessels, and then to cord blood through the placenta [2][3][4]. Some researchers have reported that CP in uences the development of LBW [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], whereas others have denied such an association [23][24][25][26][27]. Therefore, no consensus has been reached on the association between CP and LBW [28][29][30][31], and more studies are needed to address this issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Common Key Genes Associated with Chronic Periodontitis and Low Birth Weight: A Case Control Study Using Bioinformatics Analysis of Pooled mRNA Expression Datasets

Suzuki

Horie

Nakai³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a multifactorial disease associated with many systemic diseases. However, the precise association between CP and low birth weight (LBW) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate common differentially expressed genes (DEGs), biomarker candidates, and upstream regulators related to key genes between CP and LBW.Methods: We investigated molecular relations and biomarker candidates using pooled microarray datasets of CP (GSE12484) and LBW (GSE29807) in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Datasets were analyzed for common DEGs using GEO2R, an R-based web application for GEO data analysis. Common DEGs, biomarker candidates, and upstream regulators in DEGs between CP and LBW were analyzed using the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING), and QIAGEN’s Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA).Results: Three significantly upregulated and 20 significantly downregulated common DEGs between CP and LBW were identified. Some biological processes and pathways of these downregulated genes were associated with the cell cycle. Biomarker candidates among common DEGs were proline-rich coiled-coil 2A (PPRC2A), topoisomerase (DNA) II alpha (TOP2A), neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1), and calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha 2/delta subunit 3 (CACNA2D3). Many upstream regulators of these biomarker candidates were factors associated with inflammation, immunity, the cell cycle, and growth development, and were hormones related to pregnancy.Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that PPRC2A, TOP2A, NCAM1, and CACNA2D3 are common biomedical key genes between CP and LBW. The expression states of these genes, which are related to inflammation, hormones, the cell cycle, and growth development, were common in both CP and LBW in blood. To the best of our knowledge, the relations of PPRC2A, TOP2A, and CACNA2D3 to CP and LBW are reported for the first time. Thus, in the bloodstream, inflammatory-related upstream regulators of these key genes may control gene expression associated with fetal growth, and conversely, changes in female hormones due to pregnancy may affect the progress of CP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Common Key Genes Associated with Chronic Periodontitis and Low Birth Weight: A Case Control Study Using Bioinformatics Analysis of Pooled mRNA Expression Datasets

Suzuki

Horie

Nakai³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Our study results failed to demonstrate an association, and the results are in line with a large prospective study which was published by Srinivas et al [15] This study was a multicenter prospective study and a large number of patients were included, but Srinivas et al [15] used a periodontal attachment loss 3 mm on three or more teeth as criteria for periodontitis diagnosis, which is slightly different from our criteria. Likewise, a recent study by Fogacci et al [17] reported that maternal periodontal disease is not a risk factor associated with preterm infants' low birth weights. Similar results are reported in studies conducted in different ethnic groups such as the Spanish population, [16] and they also used 3 mm for diagnosis.…”

Section: Preterm Deliverymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The prevalence of periodontitis was reported between 10% and 60%. [17,18] We expected the rate of periodontitis in preterm deliveries 40%. [19] Thus, an enrollment of at least 146 patients was required such that the study would have a power %80 to detect the difference with 0.05 type 1 error.…”

Section: This Prospective Cohort Study Was Conducted On Maternity Patients At the Obstetrics Department Of Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Traininmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preterm birth and periodontitis: a dilemma of current obstetrics

Ekiz¹,

Erşahan²,

Ekiz³

et al. 2020

Perinatal J

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Objective In current obstetric literature, the influence of periodontal disease on adverse perinatal outcome is a matter of debate. In this prospective cohort study, we aimed to investigate whether there is an association between periodontal status and preterm birth (PTB) via previously unused methodology. Methods In this prospective cohort study, we examined the periodontal status of mothers within 24 hours following birth. In total, 226 puerperal women were examined and placed in two groups; a PTB group consisting of 71 patients, and a term birth (TB) group consisting of 155 patients. All risk factors known to be etiologic factors for PTB were excluded. The patients were classified into three main groups in both groups based on oral examination findings: gingivitis (G), periodontitis (P), and healthy (H). Results Both groups were identical in terms of demographic factors. Regarding possibly influencing factors including smoking, passive smoking and tooth brushing habits, both groups were also identical. The distribution of G, P and H among the groups were similar and the difference was not significant (p=1). p-values among the PTB and TB groups were 40.8% and 40.6%, respectively, and the difference was not significant. When collected data were reanalyzed by splitting the PTB group into early and late PTB, the results were similar and the difference was not significant. Conclusion The confusion over this conflicting association likely results from confounding factors, other factors that can cause PTB and lack of consensus over the diagnostic criteria for periodontal disease. Finally, our prospective cohort study, which strictly excluded possible confounding variables, has not confirmed any association between periodontitis and preterm birth.

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“…This hinders the ability to compare studies evaluating the association between periodontitis and pregnancy. Therefore, the results obtained in epidemiologic studies in periodontics should be viewed with caution, since the diversity of criteria used to define the disease will yield different inferences 1–10 . Thus, to minimize divergence of findings, a consensus of diagnostic criteria for periodontitis is essential, and has been recently developed 11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An accuracy study of the clinical diagnosis of periodontitis in pregnant women

Conceição

Filho

Coelho

et al. 2020

Journal of Periodontology

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Background There exists a diverse range of criteria used in epidemiological studies for the diagnosis of periodontitis. The results from these studies should be evaluated with consideration to the diagnostic criteria used, and this may account for differences between studies especially in some population groups such as pregnant females. The objective is to evaluate the diagnostic criteria used in a variety of epidemiologic studies of periodontitis in pregnant females. Methods An accuracy study with cross‐sectional design was performed out from a database of 671 pregnant females, using six different sets of criteria for the diagnosis of periodontitis. Women were classified for periodontitis, as follows: Center for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP, 2012 criterion), the gold standard, Gomes‐Filho et al.(2018) criterion, Albandar et al.(2007) criterion, Bassani et al.(2007) criterion, López et al.(2002) criterion, and Nesse et al.(2008) criterion. For comparison amongst the gold standard and the other criteria, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratio were determined. Results The frequency of periodontitis ranged from 25.0% to 90.2%. The Bassani et al. (2007) criterion was found to be more sensitive among the studies, and thus more suitable for diagnostic screening studies. Gomes‐Filho et al.(2018), Albandar et al. (2007), López et al. (2002), and Nesse et al. (2008) criteria were considered more specific, which makes them more useful for studies of periodontitis with the aim of using diagnosis for confirmation of disease. Conclusions A variation in the occurrence of periodontitis was observed. The criterion must be chosen according to the research aims and population characteristics.

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No association between periodontitis and preterm low birth weight: a case–control study

Abstract: After controlling for confounding factors, our results suggest that maternal periodontal disease is not a risk factor associated with preterm low birth weight infants.

Cited by 22 publications

References 40 publications

Potential Common Key Genes Associated with Chronic Periodontitis and Low Birth Weight: A Case Control Study Using Bioinformatics Analysis of Pooled mRNA Expression Datasets

Potential Common Key Genes Associated with Chronic Periodontitis and Low Birth Weight: A Case Control Study Using Bioinformatics Analysis of Pooled mRNA Expression Datasets

Preterm birth and periodontitis: a dilemma of current obstetrics

An accuracy study of the clinical diagnosis of periodontitis in pregnant women

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