No association between HPV positive breast cancer and expression of human papilloma viral transcripts

Gannon, Orla M.; Antonsson, Annika; Milevskiy, Michael J. G.; Brown, Melissa A.; Saunders, Nicholas A.; Bennett, Ian C.

doi:10.1038/srep18081

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Koilocytes are HPV infected epithelial cells with characteristic haloes surrounding a small nucleus. HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins have been identified in breast cancer ( 138 ), however, there is a low level of transcription of these oncoproteins ( 168 ).…”

Section: High-risk Human Papilloma Viruses and Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Oncogenic Viruses and Breast Cancer: Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV), Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV), Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), and Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV)

Salmons²,

2018

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BackgroundAlthough the risk factors for breast cancer are well established, namely female gender, early menarche and late menopause plus the protective influence of early pregnancy, the underlying causes of breast cancer remain unknown. The development of substantial recent evidence indicates that a handful of viruses may have a role in breast cancer. These viruses are mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), bovine leukemia virus (BLV), human papilloma viruses (HPVs), and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV-also known as human herpes virus type 4). Each of these viruses has documented oncogenic potential. The aim of this review is to inform the scientific and general community about this recent evidence.The evidenceMMTV and human breast cancer—the evidence is detailed and comprehensive but cannot be regarded as conclusive. BLV and human breast cancer—the evidence is limited. However, in view of the emerging information about BLV in human breast cancer, it is prudent to encourage the elimination of BLV in cattle, particularly in the dairy industry. HPVs and breast cancer—the evidence is substantial but not conclusive. The availability of effective preventive vaccines is a major advantage and their use should be encouraged. EBV and breast cancer—the evidence is also substantial but not conclusive. Currently, there are no practical means of either prevention or treatment. Although there is evidence of genetic predisposition, and cancer in general is a culmination of events, there is no evidence that inherited genetic traits are causal.ConclusionThe influence of oncogenic viruses is currently the major plausible hypothesis for a direct cause of human breast cancer.

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Section: High-risk Human Papilloma Viruses and Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Oncogenic Viruses and Breast Cancer: Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV), Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV), Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), and Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV)

Salmons²,

2018

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“…However, a small number of investigations could not find HPVs in breast cancer and normal mammary tissues ( 106 – 108 ). In this regard, E6/E7 onco-proteins of HPVs have been identified in breast cancer ( 109 ); though, there is a low level of transcription of these onco-proteins ( 110 ). Meanwhile, it has been reported that the presence of HPVs in breast cancer is associated with more aggressive phenotype ( 9 , 82 , 103 , 111 ).…”

Section: Ebv/hpvs Interaction and Emt In Human Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein–Barr Virus and Human Papillomaviruses Interactions and Their Roles in the Initiation of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Progression

et al. 2018

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Oncoviruses are implicated in around 20% of all human cancers including both solid and non-solid malignancies. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the most common oncoviruses worldwide. Currently, it is well established that onco-proteins of EBV (LMP1, LMP2A, and EBNA1) and high-risk HPVs (E5 and E6/E7) play an important role in the initiation and/or progression of several human carcinomas, including cervical, oral, and breast. More significantly, it has been recently pointed out that viral onco-proteins of EBV and high-risk HPVs can be co-present and consequently cooperate to initiate and/or amplify epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is the hallmark of cancer progression and metastasis. This could occur by β-catenin, JAK/STAT/SRC, PI3k/Akt/mTOR, and/or RAS/MEK/ERK signaling pathways, which onco-proteins of EBV and HPVs share. This review presents the most recent advances related to EBV and high-risk HPVs onco-proteins interactions and their roles in the progression of human carcinomas especially oral and breast via the initiation of EMT.

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“…This is in contrast to the up to sixfold increase in prevalence of HPV associated cervical cancer in similar patients. Transcription from HPV DNA to RNA in HPV-associated breast cancer has not been identified by some investigators ( 47 ). However, a very low prevalence of HPV transcripts has been identified in the TCGA series of breast tumors ( 10 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Papilloma Viruses and Breast Cancer – Assessment of Causality

2016

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High risk human papilloma viruses (HPVs) may have a causal role in some breast cancers. Case–control studies, conducted in many different countries, consistently indicate that HPVs are more frequently present in breast cancers as compared to benign breast and normal breast controls (odds ratio 4.02). The assessment of causality of HPVs in breast cancer is difficult because (i) the HPV viral load is extremely low, (ii) HPV infections are common but HPV associated breast cancers are uncommon, and (iii) HPV infections may precede the development of breast and other cancers by years or even decades. Further, HPV oncogenesis can be indirect. Despite these difficulties, the emergence of new evidence has made the assessment of HPV causality, in breast cancer, a practical proposition. With one exception, the evidence meets all the conventional criteria for a causal role of HPVs in breast cancer. The exception is “specificity.” HPVs are ubiquitous, which is the exact opposite of specificity. An additional reservation is that the prevalence of breast cancer is not increased in immunocompromised patients as is the case with respect to HPV-associated cervical cancer. This indicates that HPVs may have an indirect causal influence in breast cancer. Based on the overall evidence, high-risk HPVs may have a causal role in some breast cancers.

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No association between HPV positive breast cancer and expression of human papilloma viral transcripts

Cited by 27 publications

References 41 publications

Oncogenic Viruses and Breast Cancer: Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV), Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV), Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), and Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV)

Oncogenic Viruses and Breast Cancer: Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV), Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV), Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), and Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV)

Epstein–Barr Virus and Human Papillomaviruses Interactions and Their Roles in the Initiation of Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Progression

Human Papilloma Viruses and Breast Cancer – Assessment of Causality

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