Advances in machine
learned interatomic potentials (MLIPs), such
as those using neural networks, have resulted in short-range models
that can infer interaction energies with near ab initio accuracy and
orders of magnitude reduced computational cost. For many atom systems,
including macromolecules, biomolecules, and condensed matter, model
accuracy can become reliant on the description of short- and long-range
physical interactions. The latter terms can be difficult to incorporate
into an MLIP framework. Recent research has produced numerous models
with considerations for nonlocal electrostatic and dispersion interactions,
leading to a large range of applications that can be addressed using
MLIPs. In light of this, we present a Perspective focused on key methodologies
and models being used where the presence of nonlocal physics and chemistry
are crucial for describing system properties. The strategies covered
include MLIPs augmented with dispersion corrections, electrostatics
calculated with charges predicted from atomic environment descriptors,
the use of self-consistency and message passing iterations to propagated
nonlocal system information, and charges obtained via equilibration
schemes. We aim to provide a pointed discussion to support the development
of machine learning-based interatomic potentials for systems where
contributions from only nearsighted terms are deficient.