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Investigation of heavy metal distributions along 15 m soil profiles using EDXRF, XRD, SEM‐EDX, and ICP‐MS techniques

“…Soils are complex mixtures of organic and inorganic materials and metal compounds from anthropogenic sources. For the analysis of these samples, chemical dissolution must often be performed, such as in preparation for inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) . On the other hand, X‐ray fluorescence is one of the few techniques that can directly measure heavy metals in soil without requiring aqueous soil extractions.…”

Development of a sample preparation strategy for the determination of tungsten in soil samples by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using a response surface methodology

“…1 Consequently, many studies have drawn attention to the limitation of environmental regulations for W in comparison with other metals 1,4,8 and the necessity of the reevaluation of W due to the historical view of it as a "nontoxic" and "environmentally inert" metal. 4 Although the complexity of soil-metal relations makes it difficult to predict metal retention and dynamism in soil, 14 pollution history is one of the important factors for endemically forming W compounds in the environment as a result of biochemical interactions between natural or anthropogenic tungsten and organic compounds or ligands. 1 Thus, a comprehensive understanding of W geochemistry is needed that outputs its mobility, bioavailability, and toxicity as a result of interactions with the soil matrix.…”

“…11 One of the significances of the total elemental contents in soils is adding information regarding the level of contamination within this scope. 14 In this context, W quantification from various environmental matrices could be performed based on different techniques. Spectrophotometric 9,15 or spectrofluorometric methods, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, 9,16 neutron activation analysis, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, catalytic current polarography, 9 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), 9,17,18 and hyphenated liquid chromatography interfaced to ICP-MS techniques 5,19 are some of the chief ones that have been used.…”

“…Spectrophotometric 9,15 or spectrofluorometric methods, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, 9,16 neutron activation analysis, flame atomic absorption spectrometry, catalytic current polarography, 9 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), 9,17,18 and hyphenated liquid chromatography interfaced to ICP-MS techniques 5,19 are some of the chief ones that have been used. Among the many monoelemental or multielemental analytical techniques, such as flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, ICP-OES, 14,20,21 or ICP-MS, outlined for the determination of W, ICP-MS is ideally suited for providing very low detection limits and high sample throughput. 18 Compared to other elemental techniques, it offers excellent sensitivity/selectivity, a wide linear range, multielement determination capability, and the ability to measure isotope ratios.…”

“…Although the complexity of soil-metal relations makes it difficult to predict metal retention and dynamism in soil, 14 pollution history is one of the important factors for endemically forming W compounds in the environment as a result of biochemical interactions between natural or anthropogenic tungsten and organic compounds or ligands. 1 Thus, a comprehensive understanding of W geochemistry is needed that outputs its mobility, bioavailability, and toxicity as a result of interactions with the soil matrix.…”