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Gadzhiev, S. M.; Shabanov, O. M.; Magomedova, A. O.; Dzhamalova, S. A.

doi:10.1023/a:1026171420132

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The effect of a high field in their binary mixtures with KCl is 150%, 120%, and 230%, respectively. These results are comparable to those obtained previously for MgCl 2 260% [5], KAlCl 4 700% [6], and MgCl 2 -KCl 470% [5,7].…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 91%

Intensification of electrochemical properties of the molten chloride electrolytes of the cerium subgroup lanthanides

Shabanov

Suleymanov

Magomedova

2017

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Abstract. The electrical conductivity of molten chloride electrolytes of the cerium subgroup lanthanides increases with rising electric field strength and strive to achieve the limiting high voltage values (Wien effect). On exposure of the high-voltage microsecond pulsed fields, the melts are transited into a prolonged non-equilibrium state with increased electrical conductivity and electrolyze current density. During the relaxation processes in non-equilibrium melts, increased electrical conductivity tends to restore the values that are specific to equilibrium systems. IntroductionIn various modern industries there is an increasingly widespread use of rare earth metals (REM). In an industrial scale mainly REM alloys and relatively pure lanthanum, cerium and neodymium are produced. REM and their alloys are advantageously prepared by electrolysis of anhydrous molten chloride mixtures Ln-MCl (Ln = REM and M = Na, K). The structures of the molten electrolytes, as well as the nature and distribution their structural species, determine their observed physicochemical properties, the mechanisms and kinetic pathways that decrease energetic efficiency of metals production technologies [1]. For better understanding the structure of equilibrium molten electrolytes and improving the chemical and electrochemical technologies, their properties should be studied in a non-equilibrium state, which can be achieved by various external influences, for example, by the action of strong electric pulses [2]. We have found that electrical conductivity of molten alkaline-earth chlorides and their mixtures with alkaline chlorides increase with increasing external electric field strength (EFS) and strive to achieve the limiting high-voltage values in the fields of the order of 1 MV/m [3], in the same way as in the Wien effect in the aqueous electrolyte solutions.After the high-voltage pulsed discharges in the electrolytes having been completed, their low voltage conductivity (measured by usual AC Bridge) turns out to be increased [4] i.e., in them the phenomenon of activation (the "memory effect") is observed. The activation degree of electrical conductivity reaches up to 20 % in the case of individual alkali earth metals chlorides and to 55 % in the case of their mixtures with potassium chloride. These observations were interpreted as a consequence of the stimulated dissociation of complex formations. The activation of the melts is followed by the recombination of complex ions during prolonged relaxation processes in the nonequilibrium melts.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 91%

Intensification of electrochemical properties of the molten chloride electrolytes of the cerium subgroup lanthanides

Shabanov

Suleymanov

Magomedova

2017

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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“…The activation degree of conductivity also rises with increasing number of pulses and their voltage amplitude, and tends to the saturation. In Figure 7, as examples, these dependences are presented for a magnesium electrolyte Similar results were obtained for other compositions of molten mixtures [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. The results obtained in Sections 3.1 and 3.3 are collected in Table 1.…”

Section: Intensification Of Conductivity Of Molten Metal Chloride Electrolytessupporting

confidence: 72%

“…To this end in view, we have constructed high-voltage setup for pulsed conductometry. The descriptions of the electric circuit and the measurement cell are presented, in particular, in the publications [9]. The setup involves the digital pulsed memory oscilloscope ASK-8 which records waveforms of attenuated current and voltage during a pulse discharge in the sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Relaxation in the Activated Molten Chloride Electrolytes of Polyvalent Metals

2017

International Journal of Mining Science

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The molten salt electrolytes from which the polyvalent active metals are extracted are strongly structured at unusually long distances that increase the energy consumption of the electrowinning cell. Under influence of strong electrical pulses they are transferred to a non-equilibrium state with modification of the structure and intensification of electrochemical properties. The observed regularities in the electrolytes activation are due to stimulated dissociation of complex ions on the simpler and more mobile complex and elementary ions. This is confirmed by the disappearance of characteristic Raman peaks when the melts are activated. During the relaxation process in non-equilibrium melts their electrochemical parameters and Raman peaks are seeking to recover their equilibrium values and pattern. All the observed patterns of the duration and the dynamics of the relaxation in non-equilibrium melts show that we definitely have deal with the structural relaxation in ionic.

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“…The above dependence of the electrical conductivity of molten salts on the EFS is obtained on the base of treatment of the voltage and current oscillograms of high-voltage microsecond pulsed discharges in the electrolytes. Detailed descriptions of the electric circuit experimental setup and conductometric cell are presented in [15]. Waveforms show that the pulse duration is several microseconds, the current and voltage of discharge change without evidences of electric disruption and without changing in the ionic nature of the electrical conductance of the electrolytes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of Solid and Molten Electrolytes and their Relaxation

Shabanov

Kachaev

Suleymanov

2013

AMR

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On exposure of high-voltage microsecond pulsed fields, the molten and solid electrolytes are transited into a prolonged non-equilibrium state with increased electrical conductivity and disappeared characteristic peaks in Raman spectra. During the multistep relaxation of non-equilibrium electrolytes the initial conductivity and Raman spectra are restored to the values and patterns characteristic for equilibrium system.

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Cited by 4 publications

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Intensification of electrochemical properties of the molten chloride electrolytes of the cerium subgroup lanthanides

Intensification of electrochemical properties of the molten chloride electrolytes of the cerium subgroup lanthanides

Structural Relaxation in the Activated Molten Chloride Electrolytes of Polyvalent Metals

Activation of Solid and Molten Electrolytes and their Relaxation

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