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Female Violent Offenders: Moral Panics or More Serious Offenders?

“…This is no less true today than it was 40 years ago, when women's social and economic status was far more restricted than it is now. No doubt this explains, at least in part, the perpetual concern over the size of the gender gap in violence and the relative inattention to scientific data, which demonstrate little (O'Brien, 1999) or no variability in it (Steffensmeier et al, 2005).…”

“…1 Despite a morbid fascination with infamous cases that involve female violent offenders and what these cases might reveal about women's place (or lack thereof) in society (e.g., Jones, 1980;Morrissey, 2003), there is relatively little research on how women's involvement in crimes of violence has changed over time. Numerous quantitative analyses of aggregate trends in the gender distribution of violent crime exist (e.g., Kruttschnitt, 1994;O'Brien, 1999;Steffensmeier et al, 2005), but explorations of possible changes in the characteristics and contexts of female violent offending are rare. Some scholars have suggested that women's involvement in homicides outside the domestic sphere may be increasing (Kruttschnitt, Gartner, & Ferraro, 2002, p. 546); and a few studies using cross-national and historical data have linked changes in the targets of women's offending to changes in their social and legal status (Boritch & Hagan, 1990;Gillis, 1996;Kruttschnitt, 1995).…”

A Portrait of the Artist as a Young or Old Innovator Measuring the Careers of Modern Novelists

“…Ulysses was organized around a system of what Joyce called correspondences: "To each chapter he gave a title, a scene, an hour, an organ [of the human body], an art, a color, and a technique." 99 One scholar remarked that the styles Joyce assigned to the chapters of Ulysses are "so variable that the eighteen episodes could really be described as eighteen novels between the one cover." 100 Interestingly, the great diversity and surprising juxtapositions of styles in Ulysses led the French critic Pierre Courthion to compare Joyce to the most protean of conceptual innovators in modern painting, Pablo Picasso.…”

“…99 One scholar remarked that the styles Joyce assigned to the chapters of Ulysses are "so variable that the eighteen episodes could really be described as eighteen novels between the one cover." 100 Interestingly, the great diversity and surprising juxtapositions of styles in Ulysses led the French critic Pierre Courthion to compare Joyce to the most protean of conceptual innovators in modern painting, Pablo Picasso. 101 Joyce does not seem to have been concerned that no reader could ever recognize or appreciate all the book's allusions, for he was "aware that his was a mind which needed more patterns and frames of reference than his readers could ever utilize."…”

A Portrait of the Artist as a Young or Old Innovator: Measuring the Careers of Modern Novelists

“…One might say that he invented a non-Euclidean technique." 99 One scholar remarked that the styles Joyce assigned to the chapters of Ulysses are "so variable that the eighteen episodes could really be described as eighteen novels between the one cover." 100 Interestingly, the great diversity and surprising juxtapositions of styles in Ulysses led the French critic Pierre Courthion to compare Joyce to the most protean of conceptual innovators in modern painting, Pablo Picasso.…”