NMR Study of Hydrothermal Reactions of Dichloromethane with and without Alkali

Yamasaki, Yoshio; Enomoto, Heiji; Yamasaki, Nakamichi; Nakahara, Masaru

doi:10.1246/bcsj.73.2687

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As above mentioned, the dechlorination process occurred readily and the hydrochloric acid as a water-soluble Cl species was generated during the HT process. Accordingly, the alkali or ammonia was usually added to promote the Cl transformation from the organic to inorganic [68,[202][203][204][205][206][207]. It is suggested that with an alkali additive, the hydrochloric acid produced because of the dechlorination in HT process reacted with alkali to produce inorganic salts, which can be easily removed from the solid phase by washing process [68].…”

Section: Dechlorinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clean solid biofuel production from high moisture content waste biomass employing hydrothermal treatment

et al. 2014

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Our society currently faces three challenges, including resource depletion, waste accumulation and environmental degradation, leading to rapidly escalating raw material costs and increasingly expensive and restrictive waste disposal legislation. This work aims to produce clean solid biofuel from high moisture content waste biomass (bio-waste) with high nitrogen (N)/chlorine (Cl) content by mild hydrothermal (HT) conversion processes. The newest results are summarized and discussed in terms of the mechanical dewatering and upgrading, dechlorination, denitrification and coalification resulting from the HT pretreatment. Moreover, both the mono-combustion and co-combustion characteristics of the solid fuel are reviewed by concentrating on the pollutants emission control, especially the NO emission properties. In addition, the feasibility of this HT solid biofuel production process is also discussed in terms of "Energy Balance and economic viability". As an alternative to dry combustion/dry pyrolysis/co-combustion, the HT process, combining the dehydration and decarboxylation of a biomass to raise its carbon content aiming to achieve a higher calorific value, opens up the field of potential feedstock for lignite-like solid biofuel production from a wide range of nontraditional renewable and plentiful wet agricultural residues, sludge and municipal wastes. It would contribute to a wider application of HT pretreatment bio-wastes for safe disposal and energy recycling.

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Section: Dechlorinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clean solid biofuel production from high moisture content waste biomass employing hydrothermal treatment

et al. 2014

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“…Thus sub-and supercritical water can be used as a novel and clean medium for chemical reactions of environmental and industrial importance. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] In this study, we investigate the H/D exchange reaction on the phenyl ring of phenol in sub-and supercritical water under noncatalytic condition. The H/D exchange reaction is one of the simplest forms of chemical reaction, involving no substitution in functional groups, and is thus suited for the fundamental study of the nature of hydrothermal chemical reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncatalytic kinetic study on site-selective H/D exchange reaction of phenol in sub- and supercritical water

Kubo

Takizawa

Wakai

et al. 2004

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The site-selective H/D exchange reaction of phenol in sub- and supercritical water is studied without added catalysts. In subcritical water in equilibrium with steam at 210-240 degrees C, the H/D exchange proceeds both at the ortho and para sites in the phenyl ring, with no exchange observed at the meta site. The pseudo-first-order rate constants are of the order of 10(-4) s(-1); 50% larger for the ortho than for the para site. In supercritical water, the exchange is observed also at the meta site with the rate constant in the range of 10(-6)-10(-4) s(-1). As the bulk density decreases, the exchange slows down and the site selectivity toward the ortho is enhanced. The enhancement is due to the phenol-water interaction preference at the atomic resolution. The site selectivity toward the ortho is further enhanced when the reaction is carried out in benzene/water solution. Using such selectivity control and the reversible nature of the hydrothermal deuteration/protonation process, it is feasible to synthesize phenyl compounds that are deuterated at any topological combination of ortho, meta, and para sites.

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“…[1][2][3] Thermodynamic properties of such mixtures have been widely studied, 4 -8 being indispensable to design various industrial plants and processes, such as petrochemical plants 4,5 and hydrothermal destruction of toxic waste chemicals. [9][10][11] The wide range variation of the solubility will be useful to a study of intermolecular interaction of water with hydrocarbons, which is important for understanding biomolecular phenomena such as formation and stability of native structures of proteins. 12,13 From these viewpoints, it is intriguing how the water and hydrocarbon molecules mix with each other at high temperature and pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared study of anomalous volume behavior of water–benzene mixtures in the vicinity of the critical region

Furutaka

Ikawa

2002

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Volume behavior of water–benzene mixtures at temperatures and pressures in the 473–623 K and 100–350 bar ranges, respectively, has been studied by infrared in situ measurements. The densities of the benzene-rich phase were estimated from the spectroscopically determined concentrations of water and benzene and compared with the average densities before mixing, which were calculated using literature densities of neat water and neat benzene at the same temperature and pressure. Anomalously large volume change for mixing has been found in the vicinity of the critical region of the water–benzene mixtures.

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NMR Study of Hydrothermal Reactions of Dichloromethane with and without Alkali

Cited by 35 publications

References 16 publications

Clean solid biofuel production from high moisture content waste biomass employing hydrothermal treatment

Clean solid biofuel production from high moisture content waste biomass employing hydrothermal treatment

Noncatalytic kinetic study on site-selective H/D exchange reaction of phenol in sub- and supercritical water

Infrared study of anomalous volume behavior of water–benzene mixtures in the vicinity of the critical region

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